Figure 3.

Antibiofilm effects of RR9 against single species (S. oralis, S. gordonii, or S. sanguinis) (a). The biofilms treated with RR9 (MIC = 25 μg mL⁻¹) were incubated for 24 h. Data are shown as the mean ± SD; n = 3. * p < 0.01 compared with the control groups. Two-dimensional CLSM images after treatment with RR9 (25 μg mL⁻¹), RR9 and serum, or RR9 and saliva against S. oralis, S. gordonii, and S. sanguinis (b). The overlay images show dead cells (red) and living cells (green), and the scale bar is 100 μm.