Table 1.
Changes in body composition, maximal oxygen consumption and biochemical variables after administration of 2 g of Exten(d) for 30 days compared to placebo.
| Variables | Exten(d) (n = 13) | p | Control (n = 15) | p | p | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | Day 30 | Intra | Day 0 | Day 30 | Intra | Inter T0 | Inter T1 | |
| Body composition | ||||||||
| Height (cm) | 174.24 ± 1.57 | 174.24 ± 1.57 | ---- | 173.90 ± 1.83 | 173.90 ± 1.83 | ---- | 0.890 | 0.890 |
| Weight (kg) | 76.83 ± 1.73 | 76.83 ± 1.73 | ---- | 76.35 ± 2.46 | 76.35 ± 2.46 | ---- | 0.880 | 0.880 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.35 ± 0.64 | 25.35 ± 0.64 | ---- | 25.15 ± 0.40 | 25.15 ± 0.40 | ---- | 0.800 | 0.800 |
| Fat Mass (%) | 15.57 ± 1.58 | 15.26 ± 1.52 | 0.321 | 15.02 ± 1.56 | 14.99 ± 1.56 | 0.914 | 0.798 | 0.915 |
| Legs Fat Mass (%) | 4.84 ± 0.39 | 4.62 ± 0.33 | 0.036 | 4.15 ± 0.44 | 4.19 ± 0.49 | 0.630 | 0.249 | 0.476 |
| Trunk Fat Mass (%) | 8.80 ± 1.05 | 8.74 ± 1.04 | 0.768 | 8.87 ± 0.99 | 8.86 ± 0.99 | 0.961 | 0.965 | 0.938 |
| Physical performance | ||||||||
| VO2 max (mL/min) | 4330 ± 89.56 | 4323 ± 90.58 | 0.700 | 4067 ± 124.7 | 4075 ± 93.46 | 0.89 | 0.09 | 0.068 |
| Biochemical variables | ||||||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 203.1 ± 5.88 | 219.6 ± 5.69 | 0.070 | 213.3 ± 12.2 | 219.6 ± 15.09 | 0.182 | 0.475 | 0.999 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 63.06 ± 2.57 | 60.77 ± 2.67 | 0.110 | 60.90 ± 2.39 | 61.67 ± 2.15 | 0.250 | 0.560 | 0.803 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 147.64 ± 4.30 | 154.23 ± 4.76 | 0.070 | 161.55 ± 6.74 | 171.71 ± 9.44 | 0.025 | 0.107 | 0.125 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) | 16.24 ± 1.70 | 15.37 ± 1.27 | 0.539 | 19.83 ± 4.64 | 15.33 ± 1.87 | 0.178 | 0.477 | 0.986 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 81.2 ± 8.52 | 76.85 ± 6.37 | 0.539 | 99.16 ± 23.20 | 76.64 ± 9.32 | 0.178 | 0.477 | 0.986 |
| GPT (IU/L) | 22.31 ± 1.87 | 22.23 ± 1.42 | 0.940 | 19.73 ± 1.49 | 24.53 ± 2.43 | 0.170 | 0.292 | 0.420 |
| GOT (IU/L) | 27.46 ± 2.01 | 26.69 ± 1.49 | 0.427 | 25.87 ± 1.14 | 29.33 ± 1.53 | 0.047 | 0.497 | 0.2278 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 42.62 ± 10.75 | 32.62 ± 6.76 | 0.107 | 22.73 ± 2.30 | 22.67 ± 1.91 | 0.940 | 0.093 | 0.478 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 41.77 ± 2.45 | 41.61 ± 3.50 | 0.953 | 42.41 ± 1.75 | 40.27 ± 2.46 | 0.475 | 0.832 | 0.758 |
| Uric acid (mg/L) | 5.45 ± 0.26 | 5.33 ± 0.27 | 0.540 | 5.76 ± 0.23 | 5.79 ± 0.21 | 0.868 | 0.386 | 0.201 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.40 ± 0.06 | 4.41 ± 0.08 | 0.908 | 4.41 ± 0.04 | 4.42 ± 0.04 | 0.774 | 0.933 | 0.902 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.03 ± 0.02 | 1.01 ± 0.01 | 0.366 | 1.07 ± 0.02 | 1.06 ± 0.02 | 0.136 | 0.287 | 0.167 |
| CK (mU/mL) | 232.2 ± 28.8 | 198.3 ± 27.3 | 0.257 | 194.7 ± 26.4 | 277.1 ± 52.24 | 0.158 | 0.348 | 0.196 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.98 ± 0.24 | 15.20 ± 0.23 | 0.130 | 15.19 ± 0.20 | 15.20 ± 0.17 | 0.920 | 0.530 | 1.000 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 44.92 ± 0.68 | 45.65 ± 0.55 | 0.130 | 44.99 ± 0.46 | 45.17 ± 0.47 | 0.667 | 0.933 | 0.519 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 230.5 ± 15.55 | 232.9 ± 11.83 | 0.650 | 220.9 ± 11.01 | 215.0 ± 9.28 | 0.413 | 0.617 | 0.245 |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 3.32 ± 0.19 | 3.39 ± 0.24 | 0.746 | 2.98 ± 0.21 | 3.22 ± 0.22 | 0.333 | 0.232 | 0.619 |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 1.96 ± 0.07 | 1.96 ± 0.08 | 0.991 | 1.90 ± 0.10 | 1.79 ± 0.10 | 0.253 | 0.651 | 0.234 |
| Monocytes (109/L) | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.593 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.689 | 0.517 | 0.501 |
| Eosinophils (109/L) | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.820 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.236 | 0.650 | 0.981 |
| Basophils (109/L) | 0.03 ± 0.002 | 0.04 ± 0.003 | 0.137 | 0.03 ± 0.003 | 0.03 ± 0.002 | 0.363 | 0.230 | 0.159 |
BMI: body mass index; CK: creatine kinase; GGT: gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase; GOT: aspartate transaminase; GPT: alanine transaminase; HDL: high lipoprotein density cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein. Differences were tested using t-test (with Welch correction when needed) or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Significant differences (p < 0.05) and differences that show certain trend (p < 0.1) are highlighted in bold. ---, not applicable