| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| CaMKKβ | Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| HIF-1α | hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
| HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1 |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IGFBP7 | Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 |
| LKB1 | liver kinase B1 |
| MALAT1 | metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| OCT-1 | organic cation transporter-1 |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor beta 1 |
| TORC2 | rapamycin complex 2 |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |