Table 2.
Outcomes in 75 + -year-old patients with COVID-19 according to frailty status measured by record-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (rMPI)
| Characteristics | All patients N = 100 | Non-frail patients (rMPI 1) n = 46 | Frail patients (rMPI 2 + 3) n = 54 | Relative risk or coefficient* (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decision of treatment level | 77 | 25 (56) | 52 (96) | 1.82 (1.40; 2.36) | < 0.001 |
| Opting out of invasive ventilation | 55 | 8 (17) | 47 (87) | 5.09 (2.70; 9.62) | < 0.001 |
| Opting out of CPR | 58 | 10 (22) | 48 (91) | 4.22 (2.43; 7.33) | < 0.001 |
| Intensive care | |||||
| Intensive care unit | 14 | 8 (18) | 6 (11) | 0.63 (0.23; 1.72) | 0.37 |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | NA |
| Invasive ventilation | 12 | 8 (17) | 4 (7) | 0.48 (0.15; 1.55) | 0.22 |
| Length of hospital stay, median days (IQR) | 8 (3–16) | 9 (2–17) | 7 (4–15) | – | 0.66 |
| Change* in CFS score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 1.5 (0–3) | 3 (1–4) | – | 0.02 |
| Need of increased home care after discharge (%) | |||||
| Domestic help | 35 | 19 (41) | 16 (30) | 0.70 (0.42; 1.21) | 0.21 |
| Personal help | 31 | 15 (33) | 16 (30) | 0.90 (0.50; 1.64) | 0.74 |
| Hospital readmission within 30 days (%) | 14 | 10 (25) | 4 (18) | 0.78 (0.25; 2.45) | 0.67 |
| Mortality (%) | |||||
| In-hospital | 37 | 6 (13) | 31 (57) | 4.68 (2.16; 10.1) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day | 38 | 3 (7) | 35 (65) | 10.3 (3.41; 31.2) | < 0.001 |
| 90-day | 45 | 7 (15) | 38 (70) | 4.85 (2.41; 9.76) | < 0.001 |
*Relative risk ratio is used in comparison of dichotomous variables and coefficient is used in continuous and normal distributed variables
Adjustment of age and gender are applied in both analysis models. Not normal distributed variables are analyzed with Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test
and presented with p values only
IQR Interquartile range, SD Standard Deviation, NA Not analysed, CFS Clinical Frailty Score, CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation