Table 2.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in patients’ characteristics and log-transformed values of cytokines among the three groups.
| Characteristics and Log Transformed Values of Cytokines | Pre-C/T | Post-C/T | Non-Cancer | ANCOVA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer Patients | Cancer Patients | Controls | ||||
| (N = 68) | (N = 35) | (N = 30) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | η 2 | p | |
| IQ † | 100.00 (11.37) | 101.14 (13.66) | 106.60 (10.43) | 2.907 | 0.048 | 0.059 |
| PHQ-9 | 5.01 (4.40) | 3.66 (3.13) | 2.07 (2.56) | 5.399 | 0.085 | 0.054 |
| HADS-A | 4.21 (3.74) | 2.37 (2.56) | 1.97 (2.68) | 4.84 | 0.077 | 0.010 * Pre-C/T > control |
| BFI—fatigue severity score | 1.38 (2.24) | 2.18 (2.12) | 2.29 (2.62) | 8.165 | 0.123 | <0.001 Pre-C/T < control Pre-C/T < post-C/T |
| BFI—fatigue interference score | 4.04 (6.23) | 4.94 (8.04) | 0.68 (1.36) | 3.352 | 0.055 | 0.038 Post-C/T >control |
| Cytokines | ||||||
| Log_IFNr | 0.59 (0.47) | 0.67 (0.43) | 1.01 (0.31) | 3.052 | 0.048 | 0.046 * pre C/T < non-cancer |
| Log_IL-2 | −0.01 (3.42) | −0.20 (0.43) | 0.09 (0.40) | 2.612 | 0.041 | 0.078 |
| Log_TNFα | 0.57 (0.25) | 0.65 (0.19) | 0.71 (0.18) | 1.012 | 0.017 | 0.367 |
| Log_IL-4 | 0.78 (0.43) | 0.93 (0.45) | 1.12 (0.37) | 3.193 | 0.051 | 0.045 |
| Log_IL-12 | 0.13 (0.39) | 0.11 (0.45) | 0.41 (0.34) | 0.543 | 0.009 | 0.582 |
| Log_IL-10 | 0.51 (0.40) | 0.31 (0.50) | 0.61 (0.48) | 2.609 | 0.042 | 0.078 |
| Log_IL-13 | 0.15 (0.54) | 0.10 (0.67) | 0.57 (0.35) | 2.123 | 0.034 | 0.124 |
Adjusted for IQ, PHQ-9, HADS-A, fatigue, and significant cytokines; † Significant difference after Bonferroni correction; * p < 0.05.