Table 2.
Examples for Type I collagen or collagen hydrolysate.
| Source | Category | Method | Days | Purpose | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicken-foot collagen hydrolysate [53] | Novel Source and Biomedical function | Proteases (enzymatic hydrolysis) | To explain the mechanism for absorbance of low molecular weight hydrolysate | Osteoporosis is decreased and the following are increased, Organic substance, tri-peptides in plasma | |
| Emu skin [57] | Novel source | Enzymatic hydrolysis (pepsin, trypsin, papain, chymotrypsin, pronase E, thermolysine) | To make Type collagen hydrolysate with Emu skin | Better antioxidant and anti-allergic properties | |
| Gutted silver carp [56] | Novel Method and source | pH shift for extracting pure sediments only, then sequential pepsin trypsin hydrolysis | Exploring the potential of sediments from pH shift for collagen/collagen hydrolysate | High molecular weight collagen with better gel strength | |
| Bovine bone [58] | Novel source and partially Biosynthesis | Novel Ginger proteases (papain family) | MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts culturing for 7 days | Explore the potential of novel proteases for osteoporosis | Novel X-Hype-Gly, 1.9-fold more MC3T3-E1 mineralization |
| Deer sinew [59] | Novel Source | Sequential Enzyme hydrolysis (pepsin then trypsin) | A novel dermal collagen hydrolysate | Oxidation decreased, Cell proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts increases | |
| Patent (unknown) [55] | Biomedical function | Not given | 4 weeks | Effect of collagen hydrolysate in skins under sun-exposed areas | Elasticity in skin was enhanced |