Table 5.
Pre-treatment processes (alkaline, acidic, enzymatic) with common parameters. “α” means directly proportional.
| Collagen Source | Solvent | Pre-Treatment | Optimal Pre-Treatment Values | Relation of Yield | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time t (Hours) |
Concentration C (Moles) |
Temperature T (°C) |
Time (Hours) |
Concentration (Moles) |
Temperature (°C) | |||
| Grass carp skin [99] | NaOH | 1, 2, 4, 8 or 12 |
0.05, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.5 |
4, 10, 15 and 20 | 12 h | 0.05 and 0.1 M Increased loss of Hydroxyproline Above 0.1 M |
4 and 20 | α t, α C, α T |
| Acetic acid | 72 | 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 | 4, 10, 15 or 20 | 72 | 0.5 | Similar in range 4–20 °C at 0.5 M | α C (<0.5 M), α T (<0.5 M) |
|
| Fish myocommata [103] | NaOH | 96 (4 nights) |
0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 | 5 | 96 | 0.1 | 5 | α C |
| Alaska pollock cold water fish skin [106] | Ca(OH)2 | 0.75 (45 min) and 1.5 | 0.01 and 0.1 mol/L of OH in alkali solvent | 2 and 20 | Not clear | 0.1 | 2 °C was noted for significant loss of collagen | α C |
| Alaska Pollock Skin [105] | NaOH Ca(OH)2 |
1 | 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mol/L of OH in alkali solvent | 2 to 4 | 1 | 0.01 and 0.1 | 2 to 4 | α C (<0.1) |
| acetic acid | 1 | 0.05 mol/L | 2 to 4 | 1 | 0.05 | 2 to 4 | Not investigated | |
| Arabesque greenling [83] | NaOH, butyl alcohol |
6 (NaOH) 18 (butyl alcohol) 6 |
0.1 M/lit | 4 | Same | Same | Same | Not investigated |
| Salmo salar skin [25] | NaOH Acetic acid Enzyme |
0.16 (10 min) |
0.1 M NaOH 0.005 M Acetic acid |
Not given | Not investigated | Not investigated | Not investigated | Not investigated |