Table 1.
Cohort characteristics of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
| MrOS (men) |
SOF (women) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects | AB ≤8.5% | AB >8.5% | P -value | All subjects | AB ≤6.5% | AB >6.5% | P -value | |
| Subjects (n) | 2782 | 2179 | 603 | 424 | 303 | 121 | ||
| Anthropometric and ethnicity data | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 76.6 ± 5.5 | 76.1 ± 5.5 | 77.4 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 | 82.9 ± 3.2 | 82.8 ± 3.2 | 83.4 ± 3.3 | 0.082 |
| White | 2526 (90.8) | 1961 (90) | 565 (93.7) | 0.002 | 397 (93.6) | 281 (92.7) | 116 (95.9) | 0.234 |
| African-American | 92 (3.3) | 77 (3.5) | 15 (2.5) | 0.209 | 27 (6.4) | 22 (7.3) | 5 (4.1) | 0.234 |
| Asian | 82 (2.9) | 68 (3.1) | 14 (2.3) | 0.312 | ||||
| Other | 82 (2.9) | 70 (3.2) | 12 (2.0) | 0.120 | ||||
| Body weight | ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 26.9 ± 3.7 | 27.9 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 | 27.7 ± 4.6 | 27.7 ± 4.6 | 27.5 ± 4.5 | 0.596 |
| Overweight | 1375 (49.4) | 1072 (49.2) | 304 (50.4) | 0.597 | 169 (39.9) | 121 (39.9) | 48 (39.6) | 0.951 |
| Obese | 557 (20.1) | 401 (18.4) | 156 (25.9) | < 0.001 | 125 (29.5) | 92 (30.4) | 33 (27.3) | 0.529 |
| Cardiac assessment | ||||||||
| Ventricular rate (b.p.m.) | 80 ± 14.1 | 79.9 ± 14.1 | 80.5 ± 14 | 0.437 | 65.3 ± 9.7 | 64.9 ± 9.1 | 66.1 ± 11 | 0.278 |
| AF | 295 (10.6) | 229 (10.5) | 66 (11) | 0.407 | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.5 ± 16.5 | 126.4 ± 16.6 | 127.2 ± 16.1 | 0.268 | 137.9 ± 17.6 | 137.7 ± 17.4 | 138.3 ± 18 | 0.731 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67.5 ± 9.5 | 67.4 ± 9.5 | 67.6 ± 9.5 | 0.690 | 76.9 ± 8.6 | 76.9 ± 8.6 | 76.9 ± 8.6 | 0.982 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||||
| Never-smokers | 1107 (39.8) | 891 (40.9) | 219 (36.3) | 0.043 | 271 (63.9) | 197 (65.0) | 74 (61.2) | 0.455 |
| Ex-smokers | 1619 (58.2) | 1246 (57.2) | 373 (61.9) | 0.039 | 146 (34.4) | 99 (32.7) | 47 (38.8) | 0.227 |
| Current smokers | 56 (2.0) | 42 (1.9) | 14 (2.3) | 0.542 | 7 (1.7) | 7 (2.31) | 0 | 0.091 |
| Current alcohol consumers | 1825 (65.6) | 1428 (65.5) | 398 (66.0) | 0.830 | 157 (37.0) | 108 (35.6) | 49 (40.5) | 0.350 |
| Medical history | ||||||||
| Stroke | 102 (3.67) | 86 (3.95) | 16 (2.7) | 0.135 | 59 (13.9) | 43 (14.2) | 16 (13.2) | 0.794 |
| CAD/MI | 481 (17.3) | 366 (16.8) | 115 (19) | 0.191 | 55 (12.9) | 33 (10.9) | 22 (18.2) | 0.044 |
| CHF | 170 (6.11) | 120 (5.55) | 50 (8.3) | 0.013 | 36 (8.5) | 25 (8.25) | 11 (9.1) | 0.779 |
| Asthma | 220 (7.91) | 178 (8.17) | 42 (6.9) | 0.332 | 53 (12.5) | 45 (14.8) | 8 (6.6) | 0.021 |
| COPD | 145 (5.21) | 105 (4.8) | 40 (6.6) | 0.076 | ||||
| HTN | 1389 (50) | 1078 (49.5) | 311 (51.9) | 0.361 | 252 (59.4) | 181 (59.7) | 71 (58.7) | 0.841 |
| Depression | 48 (11.3) | 33 (10.9) | 15 (12.4) | 0.659 | ||||
| Parkinson | 31 (1.11) | 27 (1.24) | 4 (0.66) | 0.233 | ||||
| Diabetes | 363 (13.0) | 281 (12.9) | 83 (13.8) | 0.576 | 58 (13.7) | 35 (11.5) | 23 (19.0) | 0.043 |
| Overnight polysomnography | ||||||||
| WASO (min) | 114.9 ± 67 | 110 ± 64.7 | 132.8 ± 70 | < 0.001 | 103.4 ± 72 | 91.4 ± 68 | 133.6 ± 76 | < 0.001 |
| TST (min) | 355 ± 69.4 | 362.4 ± 65 | 329.7 ± 78.2 | < 0.001 | 348.6 ± 77.5 | 357.5 ± 74.6 | 326.2 ± 80.3 | <0.001 |
| T90 (min) | 14.5 ± 33 | 14.6 ± 34 | 13.9 ± 32 | 0.680 | 12.9 ± 36 | 14.2 ± 40 | 9.7 ± 21.6 | 0.240 |
| RR (min−1) | 14.5 ± 1.9 | 14.6 ± 1.9 | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 0.230 | 15.3 ± 1.8 | 15.3 ± 1.8 | 15.4 ± 1.7 | 0.445 |
| AHI (h − 1) | 20.1 ± 12.9 | 17.1 ± 10.30 | 30.8 ± 15.3 | < 0.001 | 27.6 ± 18.3 | 23.1 ± 14.3 | 38.7 ± 22.2 | <0.001 |
| PLMI (h − 1) | 10.6 ± 9.9 | 10.5 ± 9.8 | 10.9 ± 10.1 | 0.462 | 13.3 ± 19 | 12.7 ± 19.4 | 14.8 ± 18 | 0.298 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or n (%). Bold values indicate significant P-values < 0.05.
AB, arousal burden; AF, atrial fibrillation; AHI, apnoea-hypopnoea index; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery index; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; MI, myocardial infarction; MrOS, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; PLMI, periodic limb movement index; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SOF, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures; T90, time of sleep spent below 90% oxygen saturation; TST, total sleep time; WASO, wake after sleep onset.