Table 3.

Association of arousal burden with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality

	All-cause mortality				Cardiovascular mortality				Non-cardiovascular Mortality
	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
MrOS sleep
AB (%)	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	0.011	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	0.049	1.05 (1.02–1.09)	0.003	1.04 (1.00–1.08)	0.028	1.01 (0.99–1.04)	0.03	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.955
AB >8.5%	1.21 (1.03–1.42)	0.02	1.11 (0.94–1.32)	0.261	1.57 (1.24–2.04)	<0.001	1.35 (1.02–1.79)	0.034	1.02 (0.99–1.25)	0.9	0.95 (0.76–1.19)	0.651
SOF
AB (%)	1.11 (1.03–1.19)	0.002	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	0.050	1.14 (1.05–1.23)	0.004	1.14 (1.05–1.25)	0.002	1.06 (0.97–1.15)	0.201	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	0.255
AB >6.5%	1.98 (1.11–3.53)	0.02	1.58 (1.01–2.42)	0.038	2.15 (1.08–4.28)	0.031	2.17 (1.04–4.50)	0.037	1.30 (0.70–2.41)	0.410	1.31 (0.67–2.55)	0.431
SHHS-men
AB (%)	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	<0.001	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	0.199	1.01 (0.96–1.06)	0.661	0.96 (0.90–1.03)	0.251	1.05 (1.01–1.08)	0.004	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	0.194
AB >8.5%	1.37 (1.15–1.62)	<0.001	1.31 (1.06–1.62)	0.011	1.29 (0.93–1.78)	0.131	1.24 (0.86–1.79)	0.271	1.41 (1.13–1.76)	0.003	1.34 (1.04–1.74)	0.005
SHHS-women
AB (%)	1.10 (1.07–1.13)	<0.001	1.07 (1.03–1.12)	0.003	1.15 (1.08–1.22)	<0.001	1.12 (1.06–1.20)	<0.001	1.10 (1.06–1.16)	<0.001	1.09 (1.04–1.15)	0.001
AB >6.5%	1.60 (1.33–1.92)	<0.001	1.21 (1.06–1.42)	0.012	1.95 (1.38–2.75)	<0.001	1.60 (1.12–2.28)	0.009	1.37 (1.09–1.74)	0.009	1.28 (1.01–1.63)	0.038

HR for AB (%) indicate the risk increment per 1% increase in AB. For categorical risk analysis, AB was dichotomized on the 4th quartile (men: AB >8.5; women: AB >6.5). Multivariable analysis was adjusted for total sleep duration, age, history of stroke, coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, mean heart rate, mean respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, time of sleep spent below 90% oxygen saturation, total wake after sleep onset, categorized body mass index, apnoea-hypopnea index, and smoking habit. Bold values indicate significant P-values < 0.05.

AB, arousal burden; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MrOS, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; SHHS, Sleep Heart Health Study; SOF, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.