Table 5.
Autor | Upper GI Symptoms | Lower GI Symptoms | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|
Ultra-Trail | |||
Lavoué et al., 2020 [3] | 8 participants experienced at least one GI (nausea = 4, difficulty swallowing = 3 vomiting = 1) | Diarrhea (N = 2) | The episodes of GI were transient and did not cause any major decreases in performance or dropping out |
Wardenaar et al., 2018 [5] | Nausea (N = 1) | Urge to defecate (N = 3) Flatulence (N = 3) Side (N = 1) | Lower amount of GI complaints during the race than the post-race |
Wardenaar et al., 2015 [6] | Reflux (16.3%) Heartburn (9.3%) Belching (41.9%) Bloating (16.3%) Stomach cramps (14.0%) Nausea (20.9%) | Intestinal cramp (9.3%) Flatulence (34.9%) Urge to defecate (16.3%) Side ache (11.6%) Abdominal pain (9.3%) Loose stool (4.6%) Diarrhea (2.3%) | Higher nutrient intake, except fiber intake, was in general associated with lower frequency of GI distress |
Costa et al., 2014 [8] | 65% reporting at least one severe symptom (nausea; GI pain; vomiting; indigestion; bloating; abnormal bowel movements (e.g., urgency to defecate) | No association between GI and energy and CHO intake was evident. A 2·5-fold greater occurrence of Gl symptoms was observed in the fast group vs. slow group | |
Trail Marathon | |||
Urdampilleta et al., 2020 [2] | 3 with flatulence and/ or reflux | Athletes with gut training did not evidence any GI problem | |
Viribay et al., 2020 [4] | 3 with flatulence and/ or reflux | Athletes with gut training did not evidence any GI problem |
Upper GI complaints such as: reflux, heartburn, belching, bloating, stomach cramps, vomiting and nausea; lower GI, such as: intestinal cramp, flatulence, urge to defecate, side ache, abdominal pain, loose stool, diarrhea, and intestinal bleeding. Other, dizziness, headache, muscle cramps, urge to urinate.