Figure 2.

Effects of PQ on root gravitropic response. (A) Seedlings were grown vertically for 5 days, then they were transferred into media containing different PQ concentrations and were immediately rotated by −135°. The pictures were taken 24 h after gravistimulation. Red arrows indicate the direction of the gravity vector. The pictogram at the lower right corner of the Figure 1A shows the mode of the determination of the root curvature degree, the red semicircle with arrows indicates the measured angle (B) Quantitative analysis of PQ’s effect on the curvature of the gravistimulated roots. After 24 h of gravistimulation, the degrees of root bends were measured for each line grown at the various PQ concentrations (0–5 µM). Asterisks indicate significant differences between the wild type (AtCol-0) and mutant (Atcrk5-1) roots at ** p < 0.01 or at *** p < 0.001, respectively. Measurements were performed with at least 30 seedlings per each concentration. Bars indicate standard error. Three biologically independent experiments were carried out with the same statistical results.