Table 1.

Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale for Children and Adolescents.

Subdomain	Items
Disturbance of Adaptive Functions	1. My school grades dropped due to excessive smartphone use
	2. I have a hard time doing what I have planned (study, do homework, or go to afterschool classes) due to using smartphone
	3. People frequently comment on my excessive smartphone use
	4. Family or friends complain that I use my smartphone too much
	5. My smartphone does not distract me from my studies
Virtual world orientation	6. Using a smartphone is more enjoyable than spending time with family or friends
	7. When I cannot use a smartphone, I feel like I have lost the entire world
Withdrawal	8. It would be painful if I am not allowed to use a smartphone
	9. I get restless and nervous when I am without a smartphone
	10. I am not anxious even when I am without a smartphone
	11. I panic when I cannot use my smartphone
Tolerance	12. I try cutting my smartphone usage time, but I fail
	13. Even when I think I should stop, I continue to use my smartphone too much
	14. Spending a lot of time on my smartphone has become a habit
	15. I don’t spend a lot of time using smartphone