Table 3.

Summary of the roles of honey against toxicity in the reproductive system.

Type of Honey	Type of Study	Findings	Reference
Tualang Honey	In vivo	Honey supplementation has a protective effect against damage and oxidative stress induced by chronic smoking in rat testis via significantly reduced histological changes and TBARS level, increased TAS level, and restored activities of GPx, SOD and CAT considerably.	[23]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey reduces the toxic effects of BPA by restoring FSH and LH hormones, reducing morphological abnormalities of the ovarian follicles and improving the normal oestrous cycle.	[19]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey has protective effects against cadmium-induced ovarian toxicity by reducing morphological abnormalities, restoring the normal levels of gonadotropin hormones and stabilising the equilibrium levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme in ovaries of rats.	[73]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey improved daily sperm production and the percentage of motile sperm, increased spermatid and sperm counts, and reduced abnormal sperm production and the toxic effects of CS on spermatogenesis.	[83]
Tualang honey	In vitro	Tualang honey enhanced 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in breast cancer cells while protecting the non-cancerous cells.	[75]