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. 2021 May 31;14(11):2973. doi: 10.3390/ma14112973

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Gravure printing of hybrid bioelectronics. (a) Overview of the gravure printing process (reprinted with permission from Flex. Print. Electron (2016), 1 023003. Copyright 2016, IOP). (b) Illustration of gravure printing linear traces against an impression roll. (reprinted with permission from Adv. Mater. (2019), 31, 1806702. Copyright 2020, Wiley). (c) Optimizing graphene inks for gravure printing. (i) Characterization of viscosity for the three different ink formulations. (ii–iv) Images of printed dots for each ink using a gravure cell of 50 µm. (v–vii) Images showing line formation as the cell spacing is reduced, corresponding to 50, 25, and 5 µm spacing for a cell size of 50 µm. (reproduced with permission from Adv. Mater. (2014), 26: 4533–4538. Copyright 2014, Wiley). (d) Optimized cell patterns achieved with gradation engraving to achieve high-resolution gravure printing. (reprinted with permission from Precis. Eng. (2021), 69: 1–7. Copyright 2021, Elsevier). (e) Illustration of roll-to-roll printed sweat sensors. (reprinted with permission from ACS Nano (2018), 12(7): 6978–6987, Copyright 2018, ACS).