Table 1.
Results of mutagenicity testing of FDD on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains with and without metabolic activation.
| S. typhimurium Strains |
Concentration (mg/mL) |
No. of Revertant Colony (Mean ± SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Without S9 | With S9 | ||
| TA 98 | PC | 444 ± 12.9 a, α | 531 ± 19.86 b, α |
| NC | 14 ± 3.61 | 19 ± 2.65 | |
| 3.125 | 14 ± 1.00 | 16 ± 0.58 | |
| 6.25 | 9 ± 0.58 | ND | |
| 12.5 | 10 ± 1.00 | 20 ± 0.00 | |
| 25 | 14 ± 0.58 | ND | |
| 50 | 17 ± 2.00 | 19 ± 0.00 | |
| TA 100 | PC | 932 ± 32.72 c, α | 1209 ± 50.06 b, α |
| NC | 84 ± 14.18 | 83 ± 3.21 | |
| 3.125 | 83 ± 4.93 | 80 ± 6.81 | |
| 6.25 | 63 ± 2.65 | ND | |
| 12.5 | 76 ± 3.06 | 78 ± 4.00 | |
| 25 | 63 ± 1.73 | ND | |
| 50 | 74 ± 0.58 | 84 ± 1.00 | |
NC—Sterile normal saline; PC—Positive control; ND—Not defined. Data were shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. a 2-nitrofluorene; b 2-aminoanthracene; c sodium azide; α Significant difference compared with negative control (p < 0.05).