Effect of DAA and AA on HMC-1 cell viability and the levels of AD-related histamine and IL-4 in HMC-1 cells. (A) Viability of HMC-1 cells treated with DAA and AA. (B) Inhibitory effects of DAA and AA on the levels of histamine secreted by PMACI-treated HMC-1 cells. (C) Inhibitory effects of DAA and AA on the levels of IL-4 secreted by PMACI-treated HMC-1 cells. The levels of cytokines and chemokines in the supernatant of HMC-1 cells were determined by ELISA. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). ### p < 0.001 vs. normal; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control; DAA was used at 0.01 µM, 0.05 µM, 0.1 µM, and 0.2 µM. DEX, the positive control, was used at 0.1 µM.