Figure 12.

Effect of DAA on the gene expression levels of AD-related cytokines and chemokines in HMC-1 cells. The gene expression levels of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), IL-8 (C), TNF-α (D), TSLP (E), and MCP-1 (F) are shown. Total RNA was isolated from HMC-1 cells and analyzed by RT-qPCR. The expression levels were normalized to that of GAPDH. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). ### p < 0.001 vs. normal; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. control; DAA was used at 0.01 µM, 0.05 µM, 0.1 µM, and 0.2 µM. DEX, the positive control, was used at 0.1 µM.