Figure 2.

Reseasrch flowchart of systems medicine design for human skin aging. Flowchart of using systems biology methods to construct the candidate GWGEN, real GWGENs, core GWGENs, and core signaling pathways to find skin aging progression mechanisms for identifying essential biomarkers. After obtaining the essential biomarkers, we applied trained a deep neural network of drug–target interactions to predict the potential candidate drugs holding higher probability. To narrow down the candidate drugs, we considered drug regulation ability by querying the CMap dataset and drug sensitivity by referring to the sensitivity dataset from DepMap portal. Consequently, we proposed two multiple-molecule drugs to mitigate the skin aging from young-adult to middle-aged and middle-aged to elderly-stage.