Table 2.
The comparison of students’ self-efficacy ratings before and after the course.
| Students’ Self-Efficacy Ratings before and after the Course (1 = Very Poor; 5 = Very Good) | n | Mean (SD) | M | Q1 | Q3 | p-Value 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| verbal communication | PRE | 126 | 3.75 (0.78) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0.014 |
| POST | 126 | 3.92 (0.67) | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
| non-verbal communication | PRE | 126 | 3.51 (0.86) | 4 | 3 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 3.75 (0.76) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
| talking with an adult patient | PRE | 126 | 3.95 (0.65) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.066 |
| POST | 125 | 4.05 (0.62) | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
| using language understandable to patients | PRE | 125 | 3.83 (0.91) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0.076 |
| POST | 126 | 3.98 (0.77) | 4 | 3 | 5 | ||
| identifying patient’s needs, expectations | PRE | 126 | 3.52 (0.81) | 4 | 3 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 3.80 (0.76) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
| meeting patient’s needs, expectations | PRE | 126 | 3.65 (0.74) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0.017 |
| POST | 126 | 3.83 (0.76) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
| identifying the patient’s emotions | PRE | 126 | 4.00 (0.84) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 0.043 |
| POST | 126 | 4.16 (0.71) | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| adequately reacting to patient’s emotions | PRE | 126 | 3.36 (0.92) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0.005 |
| POST | 124 | 3.63 (0.80) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
| adjusting the conversation to patient’s capabilities and emotional state | PRE | 125 | 3.51 (0.95) | 3 | 3 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 3.93 (0.76) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
| verifying whether the patient understood provided information | PRE | 126 | 3.60 (0.87) | 4 | 3 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 4.15 (0.74) | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| showing patient respect and empathy | PRE | 126 | 4.29 (0.76) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 0.002 |
| POST | 126 | 4.48 (0.56) | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
| obtaining informed consent from patients | PRE | 126 | 4.02 (0.75) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.005 |
| POST | 126 | 4.24 (0.66) | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| explaining benefits and risks of a given procedure | PRE | 126 | 3.83 (0.75) | 4 | 3 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 4.17 (0.69) | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| building the atmosphere of trust | PRE | 126 | 3.74 (0.77) | 4 | 3 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 4.09 (0.73) | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| giving bad news to patients or their family | PRE | 126 | 2.84 (1.06) | 3 | 2 | 4 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 3.44 (0.85) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
| informing the family about the patient’s death | PRE | 126 | 2.41 (1.15) | 2 | 1 | 3 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 3.24 (0.87) | 3 | 3 | 4 | ||
| talking with a difficult, demanding patient | PRE | 126 | 2.36 (1.02) | 2 | 2 | 3 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 2.81 (0.90) | 3 | 2 | 3 | ||
| supporting members of the medical team in difficult situations | PRE | 126 | 2.74 (1.02) | 3 | 2 | 3 | <0.001 |
| POST | 126 | 3.67 (0.88) | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||
1 p-values significant at level of 0.05; M—median; Q1—lower quartile; Q3—upper quartile.