Table 1.
Glucose modulation effects related to nut consumption.
| Nuts & Intervention | Study Design | Study Population | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almonds (60 g) | Randomized trial | Healthy subjects | ↑ Serum concentration of protein thiol ↓ Postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, satiety |
[12] |
| Almonds (43 g/day) | Randomized controlled trial | Participants with increased risk for T2DM | ↑ Satiety, MUFA, α-tocopherol ↓ Serum glucose postprandial glucose |
[10] |
| Pistachio (57 g/day) | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial | Pre-diabetic subjects | ↑ GLP-1, ↓ FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, fibrinogen, oxidized-LDL, platelet factor 4 ↓ IL-6 mrna, resistin gene and glucose uptake (in lymphocytes) |
[8] |
| Pistachio (25 g twice/day) | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial | Patients with T2DM | ↓ FBG and HbA1c | [9] |
| Walnuts (30 g/day) | Randomized, controlled, trial | Overweight adults with T2DM | ↓ Fasting insulin levels, body weight (3–6 months) |
[11] |
↑: increase; ↓: decrease.