Table 3.
Cardiovascular disease prevention and serum lipid effects related to nut consumption.
| Nuts & Intervention | Study Design | Study Population | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nut intake | Meta-analysis of prospective studies | Adult populations | ↓ Risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause mortality | [41] |
| Almonds/pistachios/walnuts/hazelnuts (fom 37 to 128 g/day) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Adult population | ↑ Endothelial function (walnuts) | [53] |
| Almonds (42.5 g) | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial | Adult individuals | ↓ Non-HDL-C LDL-C TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, apob/apoa1, abdominal and leg fat mass, waist circumference | [15] |
| Whole roasted almonds as snacks | Randomized, controlled, paraller-arm trial | Adult individuals | ↑ Endothelium-dependend vasodilation, ↓ LDL-C, no changes in liver fat and other risk factors | [54] |
| Pistachio (from 65 to 75 g/day) |
Randomized trial | Healthy subjects | ↑ HD, AOP and AOP/MDA ↓ TC, MDA, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL |
[18] |
| Pistachio (57 g/day) | Randomized, crossover, controlled trial | Prediabetic individuals | ↓ Sldl-P, non-HDL-P, HDL-P size | [16] |
| Cashews (28–64 g/day) | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial | Hypercholesterolemic adults | ↓ TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C | [14] |
| Nuts intake (50–100 g/d) | Systematic review | Adult individuals (healthy/hypercholesterolemic/hyperlipidemic/ diabetic) | ↓ TC, LDL-C | [19] |
| Pistachio diet (8.1%) Or mixed nut diet (7.5%) |
Animal study | Rats | Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hypolipidemic effects | [13] |
↑: increase; ↓: decrease.