Figure 2.

Evaluation of migration and invasion capacity of bladder cancer cell lines by RTCA and Boyden chamber assays. Migration (A) and invasion (B) capacities of bladder cancer cell lines as determined by RTCA impedance sensing. The cell index (CI) directly correlates to the migration and invasion capacity of cells (see Materials and Methods for experimental details). The experiment was performed three times, with quadruplicates of each experiment, and similar results were obtained. Depicted are the mean CI ± SD calculated from four replicates of each experiment (n = 3). (C) Modified Boyden chamber assay. Tumor cells stained with CellTracker™ Green CMFDA Dye migrate through a HUVEC-coated membrane. After 12, 24, and 48 h, T24 cells were detected in the lower well (green signal) at a much higher rate than RT4 cells. Representative immunofluorescence images of at least three independent experiments are shown.