Table 2.

Description of the identified plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins.

Gene	Subclass	Gene Source	Growth Phenotype	Roles	References
AtGRP2 ORRM5	I	Arabidopsis thaliana	Under cold stress accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, under high salt and dehydration stress conditions affect plants growth and stress tolerance, slow growth and late flowering	Overexpressing enhances freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis plants, AtGRP2 in inhibition of the early stages of ZYMV infection, mitochondrial RNA editing	[14,25,26,27,28,29]
AtGRP4	I	Arabidopsis thaliana	Overexpressing seeds delayed germination during high salt or dehydration stress	The transcripts increase under cold stress, and downregulated by high salinity and dehydration stress	[18,19]
AtGRP7	I	Arabidopsis thaliana	Affect the growth and stress tolerance of A. thaliana plants, influence flowering time, overexpressing in rice shows higher recovery rates and grain yields	The transcripts increase significantly under cold stress, influence AS or polyadenylation, influence mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under cold stress conditions,	[18,27,28,30,31,32,33,34,35]
				involvement in plant defenses, such as Pseudomonas syringae and TMV
ORRM4 GR-RBP5	I	Arabidopsis thaliana	Slow growth and late flowering	Mitochondrial RNA editing	[19,36]
SlORRM4	I	Solanum lycopersicum	Delayed tomato fruit ripening	Mitochondrial RNA editing	[37,38]
AtRZ-1a	III	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhances tolerance to cold stress in A. thaliana	Overexpressing in salt and cold stress retards seed germination	[21,22]
AtRZ-1b	III	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhances tolerance to cold stress, AtRZ-1b and AtRZ-1c knockout mutants delayed seed germination, reduced stature and serrated leaves	Promote efficient splicing of FLC introns and repress FLC transcription	[22,39]
AtRZ-1c	III	Arabidopsis thaliana	AtRZ-1b and AtRZ-1c knockout mutants delayed seed germination, reduced stature and serrated leaves	Promote efficient splicing of FLC introns and repress FLC transcription	[22,39]
TaRZ - 2	III	Triticum aestivum	Overexpressing retards seed germination under dehydration stress condition	Not determined	[23]
TaRZ - 3	III	Triticum aestivum	Overexpressing retards seed germination under dehydration stress condition	Not determined	[23]
OsGRP1	I	Oryza sativa	Overexpressing suppresses the dwarf phenotype of Arabidopsis bri1-5 mutant, under low temperatures promotes seed germination and seedling growth	Promotes cell expansion and elongation, enhances freezing tolerance	[5,40]
OsGRP4	I	Oryza sativa	Under low temperatures promotes seed germination and seedling growth	Enhances tolerance to cold stress	[5]
OsGRP6	I	Oryza sativa	Not determined	Enhances tolerance to cold stress	[5]
OsRZ-2	III	Oryza sativa	Under low temperatures rescues grp7- knockout plants	Not determined	[13]
NtGRP-1a	I	Nicotiana tabacum	Not determined	Upregulation of abundance during heat and drought stress	[4]
NtGRP-3	I	Nicotiana tabacum	Not determined	Upregulation of abundance during heat and drought stress	[4]
BnGRP1	I	Brassica napus	Under cold stress accelerates seed germination	Enhances tolerance to cold stress	[41]
CsGRP2	I	Camelina sativa	Complement cold-sensitive mutants at low temperatures	Upregulation of cold stress	[8]
CsGRP3	I	Cucumis sativ a	Overexpressing contributes to cold and freezing stress tolerance	Not determined	[42]
LpGRP1	I	Lolium perenne	Not determined	Upregulation of cold stress	[43]
ItGRP1 ItGRP5 ItGRP7	I	Ipomoea trifida	Not determined	Upregulation of heat stress	[7]
LbGRP1	I	Limonium bicolo r	Not determined	Improves tolerance to salt stress	[44]
SbGR-RNP	I	Sorghum bicolor	Not determined	Upregulation of salt stress	[45]
ZjGRP	I	Zoysia japonica	Overexpressing increases salt sensitivity in A. thaliana	Not determined	[46]
MhGR-RBP1	I	Malus hupehensis	Not determined	Upregulation of salt stress	[47]
CsSRBP1	I	Cucumis sativus	Not determined	Inhibits the initial stages of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infection	[29]
TaGRP2	I	Triticum aestivum	Not determined	Inhibits transcript accumulation of TaVRN1	[48]
HvGR-RBP1	I	Hordeum vulgare	Not determined	Involvement in the timing of anthesis, senescence and levels of grain protein	[49]
CaGRP1	I	Capsicum annuum	Not determined	Resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv) infection	[50]