Table 2.
Summary of virus-driven carcinogenesis.
| Virus | Target Organ | Tumor Type | Common Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-risk HPVs | Uterine cervix | Squamous cell carcinoma | p16 positive, favorable prognosis |
| Adenocarcinoma | |||
| Head and neck (oropharynx) |
Squamous cell carcinoma | ||
| Vagina | Squamous cell carcinoma | ||
| Vulva | Squamous cell carcinoma | ||
| Penis | Squamous cell carcinoma | ||
| HBV | Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Frequent TP53 mutation |
| Cholangiocellular carcinoma | Small duct type | ||
| HCV | Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Frequent TERT mutation |
| Cholangiocellular carcinoma | Small duct type | ||
| Hematopoietic system | Malignant lymphoma | Possible regression by viral elimination | |
| EBV/ HHV-4 |
Stomach | Adenocarcinoma | EBER positive, frequent TILs |
| Nasopharynx | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | EBER positive, frequent TILs | |
| Hematopoietic system | See Tables 3 and 4 | EBER positive | |
| Soft tissue | EBV-associated smooth muscle tumor |
EBER positive | |
| KSHV/ HHV-8 |
Soft tissue | Kaposi sarcoma | LANA positive |
| Hematopoietic system | See Table 5 | ||
| MCV | Skin | Merkel cell carcinoma | CM2B4 positive |
| HTLV-1 | Hematopoietic system | Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma | Frequent CCR4 mutation |
Abbreviations: EBER, EBV-encoded small RNA; LANA, Latency-associated nuclear antigen; TILs, Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.