Table 4.
Association between hematolymphoid lesions and EBV.
| Category | Diagnostic Entity (Abbreviation) |
Clonality | Common Features | References | Virus Negative Mimicry | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | Burkitt lymphoma | Monoclonal |
MYC translocation, Ki-67 99% |
[135,147,153,154,155,156] | Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration | [158,159] |
| B | EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) (EBV+DLBCL) | Monoclonal | B-cell markers (CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79)+, MUM1+, CD10− | [161,162,163] | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS (DLBCL) | [164] |
| B | EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) |
Variable | Immunosuppression, methotrexate | [165] | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS (DLBCL) | [164] |
| B | Pyotholax-associated lymphoma (PAL) | Monoclonal | PAX5+, TP53 mutation, MYC amplification | [166,167,168,169] | Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) | [170,171] |
| B | Fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (FA-DLBCL) |
Monoclonal | CD30+, MUM1+, PD-L1+, intact MYC |
[172,173] | Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) | [170,171] |
| B | Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) | Variable | CD20+, CD30+/−, CD15− | [174,175] | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) |
[176] |
| B | Plasmablastic lymphoma | Monoclonal | EBER+/−, MYC translocation |
[177,178] | Plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma |
[179] |
| B | Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) | Monoclonal | EBER+/−, MYC translocation |
[170,171] | EBV-negative PEL | [170,171] |
| NK/T | Aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL) |
Monoclonal | CD2+, surface CD3−, CD3-epsilon+, CD5−, CD56+ | [180,181] | EBV-negative aggressive NK-cell leukemia | [182] |
| NK/T | Systemic EBV+T-cell lymphoma of childhood | Monoclonal | CD8+, CD2+, surface CD3+, TIA1+, granzyme B+ |
[183,184] | Non EBV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome |
[185] |
| NK/T | Chronic active EBV infection of T-and NK-cell type, systemic form (CAEBV) | Monoclonal | TIA1+, granzyme B+ | [186,187] | Inflammation of unknown etiology |
[188] |
| NK/T | Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) |
Monoclonal | CD3+, CD56−, TIA1+, granzyme B+ | [189,190] | Hydroa vacciniforme | [191] |
| NK/T | Severe mosquito bite allergy (SMBA) | Monoclonal | CD3-epsilon+, CD56+ | [192,193] | Not applicable | |
| NK/T | Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) | Monoclonal | CD3+, CD56+, GNAQ mutation |
[194,195] | Other NT/T-cell lymphomas | [196] |
| NK/T | Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) |
Monoclonal | EBER−, EBV+ B-cell, RHOA and TET2
mutation |
[197,198] | Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (PTCL) | [199] |
| NK/T | Follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL) |
Monoclonal | EBER−, EBV+ H/RS-like cells, ITK-STK fusion |
[200,201,202] | Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (PTCL) | [203] |
| NK/T | Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T follicular helper phenotype |
Monoclonal | Possibility of tumor cell rich variants of AITL | [204,205] | Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (PTCL) | [206] |
| Hodgkin | Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) | Monoclonal | CD30+, CD15+, Mixed cellularity |
[207,208] | Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NPDHL) | [209] |
| IA-LPD | Lymphoproliferative diseases associated with primary immune disorders (PID) |
Variable | Various lesions and etiologies |
[152,210] | Various lesions | [152] |
| IA-LPD | Lymphomas associated with HIV infection | Monoclonal | Various lesions, including, PEL, plasmablastic lymphoma and HHV8+DLBCL |
[211,212] | Not applicable | |
| IA-LPD | Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) | Variable | EBV+ (most cases) | [152] | EBV-negative PTLD | [213,214] |
| IA-LPD | Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OI-LPD) | Variable | Immunosuppressive drugs, including methotrexate |
[215] | Various lesions | [152] |
Abbreviations: EBER, EBV-encoded small RNA; EBV+ H/RS-like cells, EBV-positive Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg-like cells; HHV8+DLBCL, HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS; IA-LPD, Immunodeficiency associated-lymphoproliferative disorder.