Figure 1.

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) ^a of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with (A) doubling concentrations of bile acids, (B) doubling the ratio of secondary bile acid species over primary bile acids species and doubling the ratios of taurine-over glycine-conjugated bile acids, The Singapore Chinese Health Study. ^a Derived from conditional logistic regression models including the following covariates: HBsAg status, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking status, history of diabetes, body mass index, and time interval from the last meal to blood draw. Summed major primary bile acids: sum of CA species and CDCA species. Summed major secondary bile acids: sum of DCA species, LCA species, and UDCA species.