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. 2021 May 28;22(11):5787. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115787

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Strategies to support extracellular vesicles production for the treatment of kidney diseases. Approaches to improve the production, isolation and/or efficacy of extracellular vesicles to treat kidney diseases, which include: applications of advanced bioreactors, three-dimensional (3D) cultures such as organoids, improved isolation techniques and use of biotechnology in EV design (image created with BioRender.com (accessed on 7 May 2021)).