Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the aquatic exercise (intervention) group and the control (usual care) group.
| Group | ||
|---|---|---|
| Intervention (n = 148) | Control (n = 146) | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 31.1 ± 4.1 | 31.5 ± 4.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 23.4 ± 3.1 |
| Obstetric characteristics, n/N (%) | ||
| Nulligravid | 98/145 (67.6) | 98/141 (69.5) |
| Preterm | 1/145 (0.7) | 1/141 (0.7) |
| Spontaneous abortion | 39/145 (26.9) | 39/141 (27.6) |
| One previous child | 45/145 (21.0) | 38/141 (27.0) |
| Two or more previous children | 3/145 (2.1) | 4/141 (2.8) |
| Smoking, n/N (%) | ||
| Smoker at inclusion | 11/143 (17.9) | 25/140 (7.7) |
| Quit smoking prior to pregnancy | 12/143 (8.4) | 24/140 (17.1) |
| Social class, n/N (%) | ||
| I and II | 49/124 (39.5) | 47/126 (37.3) |
| III | 42/124 (33.9) | 33/126 (26.2) |
| IV and V | 33/124 (26.6) | 46/126 (36.5) |
| Educational level, n/N (%) | ||
| Primary school | 8/147 (5.4) | 14/143 (9.8) |
| Secondary school | 61/147 (41.5) | 54/143 (37.8) |
| University | 78/147 (51.7) | 74/143 (51.7) |
| IPAQ (MET-min/week), mean ± SD | 1008.0 ± 14,033.3 | 1047 ± 10,33.3 |
| IPAQ category score, n/N (%) | ||
| Low | 63/145 (43.4) | 75/141 (53.2) |
| Moderate | 76/145 (52.4) | 60/141 (42.6) |
| High | 6/145 (4.1) | 6/141 (4.3) |
| MOS sleep, mean ± SD | ||
| Sleep disturbance | 29.9 ± 22.6 | 25.9 ± 20.6 |
| Snoring | 12.6 ± 22.6 | 16.4 ± 28.2 |
| Awakening with short breath or headache | 12.0 ± 19.2 | 13.6 ± 22.2 |
| Sleep adequacy | 60.6 ± 28.1 | 60.9 ± 29.2 |
| Day-time somnolence | 37.4 ± 16.9 | 37.2 ± 19.2 |
| Sleep Problems Index | 20.8 ± 13.7 | 21.6 ± 14.4 |
| MOS sleep: optimal sleep | 93/147 (63.3) | 91/145 (62.8) |
| EQ5D dimension | ||
| Mobility problems | 7/147 (4.8) | 7/144 (4.9) |
| Self-care problems | 1/147 (0.7) | 2/144 (1.4) |
| Usual activity problems | 7/146 (4.8) | 11/142 (7.7) |
| Pain/discomfort problems | 46/147 (31.3) | 55/144 (38.2) |
| Anxiety/depression | 20/147 (13.6) | 15/144 (10.4) |
| EQ VAS, mean ± SD | 86.4 ± 77.9 | 89.6 ± 76.8 |
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET: Metabolic Equivalent of Task; MOS: Medical Outcome Study; EQ5D: EuroQol 5-Dimension; EQ VAS: EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale.