Table 1.
Summary of the demographic characteristics of the studies assessed and the relationship between worry and eating behavior.
| Source | Study Design | Sample-Size | Age (Years) Mean ± SD | Sex % (n) | Diagnostic Tool Eating Measure |
Sub-Types of ED Symptoms | Worry Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Napolitano and Himes 2011 [31] | case–control | cases: 46 binge eating group without BED: 186 |
- | F: 100% (232) |
DSM-IV-TR EDDS |
BED | FOBES |
| Sassaroli et al. 2005 [32] | case–control | cases: 63 controls: 30 |
23.06 ± 4.54 vs. 26.32 ± 4.27 |
F: 100% (93) |
SCID-I | AN BN |
PSWQ |
| Sternheim et al. 2012 [33] | case–control | cases: 45 controls: 37 |
25.8 ± 8.5 vs. 27.8 ± 10.2 | not reported | DSM-IV EDE |
AN BN |
PSWQ Catastrophizing Interview |
| González et al. 2017 [57] | cross-sectional | general population: 176 | 31.2 ± 13.3 | F: 67% (118) | EAT | AN BN |
PSWQ |
| Kollei, et al. 2012 [58] | case–control | cases: 66 control: 33 |
AN: 26.94 ± 9.15 BN: 25.94 ± 8.25 CG: 26.91 ± 8.48 |
F: 95.45% (63) vs. 69.7% (23) |
DSM-IV | AN BN |
CITQ |
| Sapuppo et al. 2018 [60] | case–control | cases: 84 controls: 38 |
23.39 ± 4.75 vs. 25.31 ± 5.4 | F: 100% (122) |
SCID-I | AN BN |
PSWQ |
| Startup et al. 2013 [66] | cross-sectional | cases: 62 | 26.6 ± 7.8 | F: 93.5% (58) |
DSM-IV EDE |
AN | PSWQ |
| Zarychta et al. 2017 [67] | cross-sectional | general population: 1260 | 16.38 ± 0.80 | F: 41.7% (525) |
MBSRQ | - | MBSRQ |
| Crino et al. 2019 [68] | case–control | cases: 90 controls: 97 | 25.23 ± 8.33 vs. 20.63 ± 6.37 | F: 100% (187) |
DSM-5 | AN BN BED No-ED | TCQ |
| Hartmann et al. 2019 [69] | cross-sectional | cases: 95 | AN: 23.64 ± 0.62 BN: 26.09 ± 1.17 |
F: 98%(49) F: 97.78%(44) |
EDE-Q | AN BN |
Self-constructed worry item |
Note: AN: Anorexia Nervosa; BN: Bulimia Nervosa; BED: Binge Eating Disorder; CG: Control group; DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; EAT: Eating Attitudes Test; EDE: Eating Disorder Examination; FOBES: Functional assessment of binge eating; PSWQ: Penn State Worry Questionnaire; CITQ: Control of Intrusive Thoughts Questionnaire; MBSRQ: The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire.