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. 2021 May 31;22(11):5967. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115967

Table 2.

Preliminary results in the assessment of the therapeutic role of exosomes in patients with COVID-19. EVs: extracellular vesicles; MVs: microvesicles; PMVs: platelet-derived MVs; PaO2/FiO2 ratio: arterial pressure of oxygen/inspired fraction of oxygen ratio; Inline graphic increase; Inline graphic decrease.

Employing Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) as Therapeutic Agents in COVID-19
Administration of MSC-Derived EVs to Patients Improved Effects EV Effects in COVID-19 Patients References
MSC-derived exosomes administered i.v. to 24 COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe pathology Inline graphic CRP/ferritin/D-dimer levels
Inline graphic neutrophil number
Inline graphic CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte number
Inline graphic PaO2/FiO2 ratio
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    restored oxygenation

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    downregulate cytokine storm;

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    promising therapeutic candidates for severe COVID-19

 [164]
MSC-derived exosomes administered by aerosol inhalation to COVID-19 patients: 5 days to 24 patients; twice a day, 10 days to 30 patients No official results yet ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04276987/
NCT04491240/
NCT04602442
Engineered exosomes overexpressing CD24, aerosolized by inhalation, once a day, 5 days to 35 COVID-19 patients suppress cytokine storm
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    recovery of patients with moderate or worse condition

 ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04747574