Table 3.

Sensors and actuators used by qToggle for this case study.

Sensor/Actuator	Name	Price	Measurement Range	Consumption
Temperature	ME81H	$25–30	5–60 °C	450 mA
Soil moisture	YL69	$5	0–100%	35 mA
Motion	Paradox PIR sensor	$35–40	logic	ultralow power
Power meter	ZMAi-90	$30–35	90–250 V, 0–60 A, 0–15 kW	1 W
Simple relay board	Blitzwolf SS1	$8		0.5 W
4-relay module	SainSmart	$3–5		5–65 mA
Touch sensor	Sonoff Touch	$15–20	logic	0.5 W