Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical parameters in the negative TPO cohort at the three trimesters of pregnancy.
| First Trimester | Second Trimester | Third Trimester | p # | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| •Number | 270 | 212 | 211 | |
| •Maternal age (years) *& | 32.3 ± 5.2 | |||
| •Maternal weight (kg) *& | 64.5 ± 13.6 | |||
| •Maternal BMI (kg/m2) *& | 24.8 ± 4.9 | |||
| •Parity (%) | ||||
| -First gestation | 48 | |||
| -Second gestation | 41 | |||
| -Third or more gestation | 11 | |||
| •Previous miscarriages (%) | ||||
| -None | 61 | |||
| -One | 29 | |||
| -Two or more | 10 | |||
| •Gestational age (weeks) && | 9–11 | 24–28 | 29–33 | |
| •Level of education (%) | ||||
| -None/primary | 25.3 | |||
| -Secondary | 49.6 | |||
| -Higher education | 25.1 | |||
| •Smoking habit (%) & | ||||
| -Nonsmoker | 80.2 | |||
| -Smoker | 18.2 | |||
| •Working women (%) | 81.2 | |||
| •Consumption of iodized salt (%) & | 25.3% | |||
| •Use of supplements (%) & | ||||
| -None | 46 | |||
| -Potassium iodide | 28.6 | |||
| -Multivitamins | 25.4 | |||
| TPO-Ab ** (UI/mL) | 0.55 (0.5–1.37) | 0.57 (0.5–3.09) | 0.55 (0.5–2.66) | NS |
| Tg-Ab (UI/mL) ** | 0.99 (0.4–9.7) | 1.04 (0.43–7.0) | 0.99 (0.38–5.4) | N.S: |
| HCG (mUI/mL) ** | 110,583 (20,164–345,434 | |||
| Albumin (g/L) ** | 40.2 (30.5–45) | 33.9 (30.3–38.4) a | 32.9 (29.1–37) a,b | <0.001 |
| Creatinine ** (mg/dL) | 0.56 (0.43–0.73) | 0.52 (0.38–0.70) a | 0.5 (0.4–0.7a,b | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) ** | 12 (6.58–40.85) | 12.0 (6.0–37.8) | 11 (6.0–50) | 0.129 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) ** | 42 (9–170) | 11.0 (4.8–80.5) a | 13 (4–46.8)a, b | <0.001 |
| Thyroglobulin (ng/mL) ** | 15.3 (1.9–72.2) | 12.3 (1.9–81.1) a | 13.5 (2.4–86.6) a,b | <0.001 |
| Urinary Iodide (µg/L) ** | 126.2 (32–402.3) | 178 (51.6–547) a | 170 (37.5–543) a,b | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL) ** | 12.8 (10.9–14.5) | 11.4 (9.3–13.2) a | 11.6 (10.1–13.6) a,b | <0.001 |
| Ht (%) ** | 37.9 (32.4–42.8) | 33.4 (27.9–38.6) a | 34.5 (29.9–40.5) a,b | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; TPO-Ab: anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; Tg-Ab: anti-thyroglobulin antibodies; HCG: total human chorionic gonadotropin; Hb: hemoglobin; Ht: hematocrit. * Mean ± standard deviation; ** Median and 95% range (2.5th–97.5th percentiles). & at time of recruitment; && adjusted by fetal ultrasonography at the first visit. # significance among 3 groups of related patients (1T, 2T, and 3T) using the non-parametrical Friedman test. Pairwise differences according to the Wilcoxon rank test: a p < 0.0001 vs. 1st Trimester; b p < 0.0001 vs. 2nd Trimester.