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. 2021 May 26;22(11):5635. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115635

Figure 2.

Figure 2

GCX signaling under different WSS conditions. Shedding of the eGCX occurs under low or oscillatory WSS with turbulent flow, thereby affecting different intracellular signaling pathways, e.g., NO-synthase and cytoskeleton arrangement. Microphotographs of immunofluorescence staining show human umbilical vein ECs after 24 h of laminar (left) or non-uniform, turbulent (right) flow. Nuclei are stained in blue (DAPI) and F-actin is stained in green (phalloidin Alexa Fluor 488). Scale bar: 100 µm; AKT: protein kinase B, CS: chondroitin sulfate, eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, GPC: glypican, HA: hyaluronic acid, HS: heparan sulfate, NO: nitric oxide, c-Scr: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, FAK: focal adhesion kinase, PI3K: phosphoinositide-3phosphate, Rac: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate, RhoA: Ras homolog family member A, SDC: syndecan.