Table 1.
Flavonoids and simple phenolic compositions of different plant part extracts from A. acutifolius.
| Phenolics | Leaf | Stem | Pericarp | Rhizome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallic acid | 36.63 ± 0.54 a | nd | 36.24 ± 0.07 a | 36.81 ± 0.73 a |
| Protocatechuic acid | 14.62 ± 0.06 a | 25.92 ± 0.27 d | 18.63 ± 0.07 c | 16.51 ± 0.06 b |
| p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 23.51 ± 0.04 b | 15.26 ± 0.09 a | 25.05 ± 0.10 c | 36.72 ± 0.18 d |
| Vanillic acid | 8.94 ± 0.07 b | 10.61 ± 0.05 c | 3.70 ± 0.10 a | 41.11 ± 0.02 d |
| Caffeic acid | 39.42 ± 0.11 a | 297.05 ± 5.89 d | 67.78 ± 0.33 c | 48.82 ± 0.26 b |
| p-hydroxybenzaldehyde | 11.36 ± 0.09 b | 9.97 ± 0.22 a | 12.26 ± 0.14 c | 17.67 ± 0.09 d |
| Syringic acid | 9.36 ± 0.05 b | 0.67 ± 0.14 a | nd | 37.98 ± 0.20 c |
| Vanillin | 13.95 ± 0.09 b | 12.07 ± 0.05 a | nd | 12.76 ± 0.65 a |
| p-Coumaric acid | 2.95 ± 0.24 a | 6.79 ± 0.13 b | 13.58 ± 0.10 c | 15.34 ± 0.12 d |
| t-ferulic acid | 34.73 ± 0.11 c | 27.53 ± 0.02 a | 30.06 ± 0.11 b | 34.90 ± 0.17 c |
| t-Sinapic acid | 9.75 ± 0.11 b | 9.11 ± 0.04 a | 9.59 ± 0.22 b | 13.17 ± 0.05 c |
| Rutin | nd | 316.27 ± 31.63 | nd | nd |
| Narcissin | nd | 154.10 ± 6. 86 | nd | nd |
| Quercetin | nd | nd | 9.08 ± 0.20 a | 9.60 ± 0.09 b |
| Naringenin | 22.89 ± 0.29 c | 61.27 ± 0.09 d | 1.51 ± 0.05 a | 4.88 ± 0.34 b |
| Kaempferol | 22.08 ± 0.22 b | 4.94 ± 0.15 a | nd | 27.06 ± 0.11 c |
| Total simple phenolics | 205.23 ± 1.28 a | 414.99 ± 6.90 d | 216.88 ± 1.25 b | 311.80 ± 1.23 c |
| Total flavonoids | 44.98 ± 0.51 c | 536.55 ± 25.01 d | 10.59 ± 0.26 a | 41.54 ± 0.54 b |
| Total phenolics | 250.20 ± 1.79 b | 951.54 ± 31.91 d | 227.47 ± 1.50 a | 353.34 ± 1.77 c |
Data mg/kg dry leaves, pericarp, stem and rhizome are the mean of three replicates. Results correspond to the mean ± standard deviation. Different letters within the same row (a–d) mean that there are significant differences (p < 0.05). nd, not detected.