Table 5.
Minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) (mg/mL) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of selected extracts of A. acutifolius against bacteria and fungi.
| Bacteria (Clinical Isolate) |
Ethanolic Extract | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf | Rhizome | |||
| Gram+ | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 0.78 | 12.5 | - | - |
| Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MR) | 0.39 | 6.25 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 1.56 | 25 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 0.39 | 6.25 | 1.56 | 25 |
| Enterococcus faecium | 0.39 | 6.25 | 0.195 | 3.125 |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 0.39 | 6.25 | - | - |
| Gram- | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumonia | 1.56 | 25 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumonia | 0.39 | 6.25 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 0.195 | 3.125 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Escherichia coli | 0.39 | 6.25 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Extended spectrum ß-lactamase producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli | 1.56 | 25 | - | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0.39 | 6.25 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Multidrug resistant Pseu-domonas aeruginosa (MDR) | 0.78 | 12.5 | 1.56 | 25 |
| Citrobacter koseri | 0.78 | 12.5 | 3.12 | 50 |
| Proteus mirabilis | 1.56 | 25 | - | - |
| Fungal | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC |
| Geotricum capitatum | 0.096 | 0.195 | 0.195 | 0.390 |
| Cándida albicans | 0.195 | 0.390 | 0.195 | 0.390 |
| Cándida galabrata | 0.195 | 0.390 | 0.195 | 0.390 |
| Cándida parapsilosis | 0.096 | 0.195 | 0.096 | 0.195 |
| Cándida tropicalis | 0.195 | 0.390 | 0.195 | 0.390 |