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Pediatric first primary malignancies and risk factors for the development of second primary malignancies. The fractions of the most common pediatric first primary malignancies and second primary malignancies in childhood cancer survivors among all observed cancers are provided [11,88,89]. Abbreviations: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; NQO1 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase; GST, Glutathione s-transferase; CYP, Cytochrome P450.
