Table 1.
A List of Selected Aptamers Used in Liquid Biopsy by Cancer Types.
| Aptamer | Tumor Type | Application |
|---|---|---|
| A8 | Breast, lung, and ovarian cancer | Quantification of tumor-derived exosomes [89] |
| MO-1, MO-2 | Cervical cancer | Detection of cancer-specific EVs [90] |
| H2 and SYL3C | Breast cancer | Detection of cancer-specific EVs [91] |
| LZH8 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Detection of cancer-derived exosomes [92] |
| MUC_3 | Gastric cancer | Detection of cancer-derived exosomes [93] |
| EpCAM/Ep114 | Breast cancer, colorectal cancer | Detection of cancer-specific EVs [94,95] |
| CD63 | Gastric, lung, and breast cancer | Detection and quantification of cancer-derived EVs [94,96,97,98] |
| H2, CEA, and PSMA | Breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer | Detection of cancer-derived exosomes [99] |
| PL1-8 | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Biomarkers identification, drug delivery [100] |
| Aptamers 1 and 146 | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Detection of CTC [101] |
| AS1411 | Breast cancer | Drug-targeting nanovesicles [102] |
| PSMA and EGFR | Breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer | siRNA delivery via aptamer-functionalized EVs [103] |
| sgc8 | Leukemia, lymphoma | Aptamer-functionalized exosomes for drug delivery [104] |
| CTLA-4 | Melanoma, lymphoma, colon cancer, renal cell cancer, fibrosarcoma |
Immune-checkpoint blockade [105]; targeting STAT3 siRNA [106] |
| PD1 | Colon cancer | Immune-checkpoint blockade [107] |
| TIM3 | Colon cancer | Immune-checkpoint blockade [108] |
| IL10R | Colon cancer | Immune-checkpoint blockade [109] |
| IL6 | Glioma and hepatoma | In vitro growth inhibition [110] |
| IL4R | Breast cancer | Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) [111] |
| 4-1BB | Mastocytoma, melanoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, oncogene-induced high-grade glioma, MCA fibrosarcomas |
Costimulatory receptor agonist [112]; targeting costimulation to the tumor [113,114] |
| OX40 | Melanoma | Costimulatory receptor agonist [115] |
| CD28 | Lymphoma, melanoma | Costimulatory receptor agonist [116]; targeting costimulation to the tumor [53] |
| CD40 | Lymphoma | Stimulatory receptor agonist [117] |
| CD16α | Lysis of human gastric and lung cancer cell lines in vitro | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) [118] |
| BAFF-R | Mantle cell lymphoma | Targeted STAT-3 inhibition [119] |