Table 2.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety.

Reference	Symptoms of Depression	Symptoms of Anxiety	Comparator
Depression and Anxiety
[24]	↑ Pregnancy—25.3%; postpartum 23.6%	↑ 39.4% mild; 13.6% moderate-to-severe anxiety	Estimates in Belgium prior to the pandemic
[25]	↑	↑	Pre-pandemic cohort
[26]	↑ 37%	↑ 57%	Similar pre-pandemic pregnancy cohorts
[28]	↑ 50.6%	↔ 8.3%	Literature data
[29]	↓ 5.3%	↓ 6.8%	Non-pregnant women during pandemic
[30]	19.2%	31.2%	None
[31]	↑ 34.2% (pregnant women) ↑ 26.3% (postpartum women)	↑ 64% (pregnant women) ↑ 57.7% (postpartum women)	Literature data
[32]	35.4%		None
[33]	↑	↑	Test–retest study
[34]	56.3%	64.5%	None
[35]	12%	60%	None
[36]	9.9%	11.1%	None
[37]	↑ 39.2%	↑ 34.4%	Literature data
Depression
[38]	↑ 29.6%		Pre-alert group
[39]	↑ 14.4%		Pre-alert group
[40]	↔ 25.0%		Pre-pandemic hospitalized high-risk pregnancy group
[41]	↑ 28.6%		Pre-pandemic control group
[42]	17%		None
[43]	14.7%		None
[44]	↓ score ≥ 9 in EPDS—15.1% score ≥ 12 8.2%		Pre-restriction group
[45]	24%		None
Anxiety
[46]		17.2%	None
[47]		↑ 14.3%	General population prior to COVID-19
[49]		↑ 77.0%	Literature data
[50]		68%	None
[51]		↑ 62.6%	Literature data
[52]		Mild—35.6%; moderate—21.6%; severe anxiety symptoms—21.7%	None

Meaning of the symbols: ↑—higher than the comparator, ↓—lower than the comparator, ↔ similar to the comparator.