Table 5.
Two-part model—relationship between disability and OOP health expenditures.
| Level of Disability | Inpatient Care | Outpatient Care | Self-Treatment | Any Care | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: logit a (coefficients) | ||||||||
| None (Ref.) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Mild | 0.548 | *** | 0.637 | ** | 0.525 | *** | 0.827 | *** |
| Moderate | 1.207 | *** | 0.759 | *** | 0.531 | ** | 1.149 | *** |
| Severe | 0.856 | ** | 0.366 | 0.513 | * | 1.000 | ** | |
| Part 2: GLM b (coefficients) | ||||||||
| None (Ref.) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Mild | 0.059 | 0.333 | *** | 0.167 | 0.311 | * | ||
| Moderate | 0.208 | 0.286 | 0.397 | * | 0.567 | ** | ||
| Severe | 1.056 | ** | 1.622 | *** | 0.930 | ** | 1.352 | *** |
| Predicted value combining logit and GLM (OOP expenditures in VND) | ||||||||
| None (Ref.) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Mild | 33,079 | * | 66,115 | *** | 26,790 | *** | 108,879 | *** |
| Moderate | 78,107 | *** | 68,903 | *** | 44,047 | *** | 181,682 | *** |
| Severe | 116,449 | *** | 164,857 | *** | 83,196 | *** | 353,283 | *** |
| n | 3967 | 3967 | 3967 | 3967 | ||||
| N | 63,947,541 | 63,947,541 | 63,947,541 | 63,947,541 | ||||
Notes: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.10. All models include age, gender, completed education, employment, health insurance, (log) household income, household size, rural/urban place of residence, and province of residence. a Logit link is used. b Generalized linear models (GLM) with log links and gamma distribution are used. Survey data analyses and robust standard errors are used.