Table A1.
Database search strategy.
| Database | Keywords | Results |
|---|---|---|
| PubMed | ||
| #1 | pembrolizumab OR keytruda OR MK-3475 OR ‘SCH 900475’ OR nivolumab OR NIVO OR opdivo OR BMS-936558 OR MDX-1106 OR ONO-4538 OR atezolizumab OR tecentriq OR ‘MPDL 3280A’ OR RG7446 OR durvalumab OR imfinzi OR MEDI-4736 OR MEDI4736 OR avelumab OR bavencio OR MSB-0010718C OR MSB0010718C OR camrelizumab OR ‘SHR 1210’ | 9694 |
| #2 | ‘programmed death-1’ OR pd-1 OR pd1 OR ‘programmed death ligand-1’ OR pd-l1 OR pdl1 OR ‘checkpoint inhibitor’ OR ‘checkpoint blockade’ | 46,549 |
| #3 | esophageal OR oesophageal OR esophagus OR gastric OR stomach OR ‘gastro-esophageal junction’ OR oesophagogastric OR oesophagastric OR esophagogastric OR esophago-gastric OR gastroesophageal OR gastro-oesophageal | 560,223 |
| #4 | cancer OR carcinoma OR adenocarcinoma OR ‘squamous cell carcinoma’ OR ‘squamous-cell carcinoma’ | 4,296,021 |
| #5 | #1 OR #2 | 49,382 |
| #6 | #3 AND #4 | 224,313 |
| #7 | #5 AND #6 | 1646 |
| #8 | (((“randomized controlled trial”[pt] OR “controlled clinical trial”[pt] OR “clinical trials as topic”[mesh] OR “random allocation”[mesh] OR “double-blind method”[mesh] OR “single-blind method”[mesh] OR “clinical trial”[pt] OR “research design”[mesh:noexp] OR “comparative study”[pt] OR “evaluation studies”[pt] OR “follow-up studies”[mesh] OR “prospective studies”[mesh] OR “clinical trial”[tw] OR ((singl*[tw] OR doubl*[tw] OR trebl*[tw]) AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])) OR placebo*[tw] OR random*[tw] OR “control”[tw] OR “controls”[tw] OR prospectiv*[tw] OR volunteer*[tw]))) | 8,009,931 |
| #9 | #7 AND #8 AND 2010/01/01[PDAT]:2020/11/23[PDAT] | 412 |
| Embase | ||
| #1 | ‘pembrolizumab’/exp OR pembrolizumab OR ‘keytruda’/exp OR keytruda OR ‘mk 3475’/exp OR ‘mk 3475’ OR ‘sch 900475’/exp OR ‘sch 900475’ OR ‘nivolumab’/exp OR nivolumab OR nivo OR ‘opdivo’/exp OR opdivo OR ‘bms 936558’/exp OR ‘bms 936558’ OR ‘mdx 1106’/exp OR ‘mdx 1106’ OR ‘ono 4538’/exp OR ‘ono 4538’ OR ‘atezolizumab’/exp OR atezolizumab OR ‘tecentriq’/exp OR tecentriq OR ‘mpdl 3280a’/exp OR ‘mpdl 3280a’ OR ‘rg7446’/exp OR rg7446 OR ‘durvalumab’/exp OR durvalumab OR ‘imfinzi’/exp OR imfinzi OR ‘medi 4736’/exp OR ‘medi 4736’ OR ‘medi4736’/exp OR medi4736 OR ‘avelumab’/exp OR avelumab OR ‘bavencio’/exp OR bavencio OR ‘msb 0010718c’/exp OR ‘msb 0010718c’ OR ‘msb0010718c’/exp OR msb0010718c OR camrelizumab OR ‘shr 1210’ | 32,910 |
| #2 | ‘programmed death-1’ OR ‘pd 1’ OR pd1 OR ‘programmed death ligand-1’ OR ‘pd l1’ OR pdl1 OR ‘checkpoint inhibitor’ OR ‘checkpoint blockade’ | 68,631 |
| #3 | #1 OR #2 | 86,155 |
| #4 | esophageal OR oesophageal OR esophagus OR gastric OR stomach OR ‘gastro-esophageal junction’ OR oesophagogastric OR oesophagastric OR esophagogastric OR ‘esophago gastric’ OR gastroesophageal OR ‘gastro oesophageal’ | 848,125 |
| #5 | cancer OR carcinoma OR adenocarcinoma OR ‘squamous cell carcinoma’ OR ‘squamous-cell carcinoma’ | 4,739,285 |
| #6 | #4 AND #5 | 307,418 |
| #7 | #3 AND #6 | 4023 |
| #8 | ‘randomized controlled trial’ OR ‘controlled clinical trial’ OR ‘random*’ OR groups | 4,414,728 |
| #9 | ‘clinical trials as topic’ OR trial | 2,210,774 |
| #10 | #8 AND #9 | 1,286,636 |
| #11 | #7 AND #10 AND [english]/lim AND (2010–2020)/py | 501 |
| Cochrane Central | ||
| #1 | pembrolizumab OR keytruda OR MK-3475 OR ‘SCH 900475′ OR nivolumab OR NIVO OR opdivo OR BMS-936558 OR MDX-1106 OR ONO-4538 OR avelumab OR bavencio OR MSB-0010718C OR MSB0010718C OR ‘programmed death-1’ OR ‘pd-1’ OR ‘pd1’ OR ‘programmed death ligand-1’ OR ‘pd-l1’ OR ‘pdl1’ OR ‘checkpoint inhibitor’ OR ‘checkpoint blockade | 5427 |
| #2 | oesophageal OR esophagus OR esophageal OR gastric OR stomach OR ‘gastro-esophageal junction’ OR oesophagogastric OR oesophagastric OR esophagogastric OR esophago-gastric OR gastroesophageal OR gastro-oesophageal | 45,933 |
| #3 | cancer OR carcinoma OR adenocarcinoma OR ‘squamous cell carcinoma’ OR ‘squamous-cell carcinoma’ | 192,826 |
| #4 | #2 AND #3 | 14,291 |
| #5 | #1 AND #4 | 342 |
| #6 | (‘clinical trials as topic’ OR trial) | 1,253,558 |
| #7 | (‘randomized controlled trial’ OR ‘controlled clinical trial’ OR ‘random*’ OR groups) | 1,352,768 |
| #8 | #5 AND #6 AND #7 | 283 |
| #6 | Library publication date from Jan 2010 to Nov 2020 | 283 |
| Web of Science | ||
| (“esophageal cancer” OR “esophageal carcinoma” OR “esophageal squamous cell carcinoma” OR “gastric cancer” OR “gastric carcinoma” OR “stomach cancer” OR “gastric adenocarcinoma” OR “gastro-esophageal junction carcinoma” OR “gastro-esophageal junction cancer”) AND TOPIC: (“programmed death-1” OR “pd-1” OR “pd1” OR “programmed death ligand-1” OR “pd-l1” OR “pdl1” OR “checkpoint inhibitor” OR “checkpoint blockade”) AND TOPIC: (“randomized clinical trial” OR “controlled clinical trial” OR “survival rate” OR “mortality” OR “progression-free survival” OR “treatment outcome”)Refined by: LANGUAGES: (ENGLISH)Timespan: All years. Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC. | 116 | |
| Medline | ||
| #1 | (“esophageal cancer” or “esophageal carcinoma” or “esophageal squamous cell carcinoma” or “gastric cancer” or “gastric carcinoma” or “stomach cancer” or “gastric adenocarcinoma” or “gastro-esophageal junction carcinoma” or “gastro-esophageal junction cancer”).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] | 91,242 |
| #2 | (pembrolizumab or nivolumab or atezolizumab or bevacizumab or Avelumab or durvalumab).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] | 21,133 |
| #3 | (“programmed cell death 1 receptor” or “pd-l1”).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms] | 12,555 |
| #4 | #2 OR #3 | 31,129 |
| #5 | #1 AND #4 | 511 |
| #6 | limit 5 to (humans and yr = “2010-Current” and english) | 420 |
| SCOPUS | ||
| ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “esophageal cancer” OR “esophageal carcinoma” OR “esophageal squamous cell carcinoma” OR “gastric cancer” OR “gastric carcinoma” OR “stomach cancer” OR “gastric adenocarcinoma” OR “gastro-esophageal junction carcinoma” OR “gastro-esophageal junction cancer”)) AND ((TITLE-ABS-KEY ( pembrolizumab OR nivolumab OR atezolizumab OR avelumab OR camrelizumab)) OR ( TITLE-ABS-KEY (“programmed cell death 1 receptor” OR “pd-l1”))) AND (LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE, “ar”) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE, “re”) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE, “cp”)) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE, “English”)) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD, “Humans”)) | 642 | |
| ClinicalTrials.gov | ||
| ‘Gastric Cancer’ OR ‘Esophageal Cancer’|‘Immunotherapy’ OR ‘immune checkpoint inhibitor’ OR ‘PD-L1′OR ‘PD-1′ | Phase 3 (12 records) | ||