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Reagents and conditions: (i) BrCH2CH2Br, K2CO3, DMF, rt, 24 h; (ii) NaN3, acetone, reflux, 24 h; (iii) Method A: 1M CuSO4, Cu(0), t-BuOH:H2O = 1:1, DMF, rt, 120 h; Method B: 1M CuSO4, Cu(0), t-BuOH:H2O = 1:1, DMF, 50 °C, US, 45 min, 1000 W; Method C: CuI, DIPEA, AcOH, CH2Cl2, rt., 72 h; (iv) piperidine/pyrrolidine, H2O, MW, 400 W, 100 °C, 10 min.
