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. 2021 Jun 2;10(11):2467. doi: 10.3390/jcm10112467

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mechanism of native low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) uptake by macrophages. Native LDL-C binds to LDL receptors on macrophages or undergoes oxidation. Ox-LDL binds to specific receptors: scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), cluster differentiating 36 (CD36), and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) on macrophages as well. Macrophages accumulate cholesterol from both native LDL and ox-LDL, which results in the formation of foam cells. Figure created with BioRender.com (accessed on 12 May 2021).