Table 1.

Results of clinical studies of using probiotics in ulcerative colitis patients.

Probiotic Used	Study	Sample Size	Studied Group	Result of the Intervention
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917	Kruis W. et al. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997 [30]	120	adults	efficacy in maintaining remission and preventing relapse comparable to mesalazine
	Rembacken BJ. et al., Lancet. 1999 [31]	116	adults	efficacy in maintaining remission after exacerbation of UC comparable to mesalazine
	Kruis W. et al. Gut. 2004 [32]	327	adults	efficacy and safety in maintaining remission comparable to mesalazine
	Henker J. et al. Zeitschrift Für Gastroenterologie, 2008 [33]	34	children	efficacy in maintaining remission comparable to mesalazine
	Matthes H. et al. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010 [34]	90	adults	possibility of dose-dependent efficacy in inducing remission of the rectal probiotic compared to placebo
	Petersen AM et al. J Crohns Colitis. 2014 [35]	100	adults	no benefit in the use of probiotic as an additional therapy to conventional treatment
Lactobacillus GG	Zocco MA, Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 [36]	187	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic as add-on therapy in prolonging the relapse-free time compared to mesalazin monotherapy
Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus YIT 0168 (Bifidobacteria-Fermented Milk- BFM)	Ishikawa et al. J Am Coll Nutr 2003 [37]	21	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic mixture as add-on therapy in maintaining remission and preventing relapse compared to convantional therapy alone
	Kato K. et al. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2004 [38]	20	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic as add-on therapy in maintaining remission compared to convantional therapy alone
Saccharomyces boulardii	Guslandi M. et al. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 [39]	24	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic as add-on therapy in inducing and maintaining remission compared to mesalazin monotherapy
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730	Oliva S. et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 [40]	40	children	higher efficacy of probiotic enema as add-on therapy additional to oral mesalazin in improving mucosal inflammation compared to conventional therapy
Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium infantis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophils (VSL#3)	Tursi A. et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 [41]	144	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic mixture as add-on therapy to conventional treatment in patients with relapsing disease compared to placebo
	Sood A. et al. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 [42]	147	adults	higher efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission compared to placebo
	Miele E.et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 [43]	29	children	higher efficacy in maintaining remission compared to placebo