Table 2.

Results of clinical studies of using probiotics in Crohn’s disease patients.

Probiotic Used	Study	Sample Size	Studied Group	Result of the Intervention
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917	Malchow HA et al. J. Clin. Gastroenterol 1997 [51]	28	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic as add-on therapy in preventing relapse and reducing the need for steroid treatment compared to convantional therapy alone
Lactobacillus GG	Schultz M. et al. BMC Gastroenterology 2004 [52]	11	adults	no benefit in the use of probiotic as an additional therapy to conventional treatment
	Gupta P. et al. JPGN 2000 [53]	4	children	higher efficacy of probiotic as an add-on therapy in improving gut barrier function and clinical status
	Prantera C. et al. Gut 2000 [54]	45	adults	no benefit in preventing endoscopic relapses or reducing the severity of inflammation
	Bousvaros A. et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005 [55]	75	children	no benefit in use probiotic as add-on therapy to conventional treatment in prolonging of relapse- free time
Saccharomyces boulardii	Plein K. et al. Gastroenterol. 1993 [56]	20	adults	higher efficacy of probiotic as an add-on therapy in reducing in the number of stools compared to placebo
	Bourreille A. et al. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013 [57]	165	adults	no benefit in maintaining remission as add-on therapy after conventional treatment
Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium infantis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophils (VSL#3)	Day AS. et al. Gastroenterology 2012 [58]	17	children	higher efficacy in reducing disease activity and improving weight and albumin levels compared do placebo
	Fedorak RN. Et al. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2014 [59]	120	children over 16 years old, adults	no benefits in reducing endoscopic recurrence rates compared to placebo