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. 2021 Jun 2;14(11):3019. doi: 10.3390/ma14113019

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) biosensor. The CMA biosensor is composed of the KFERQ-motif and PS-CFP2, a photoconvertible cyan FP. Before photostimulation, the KFERQ-PS-CFP2 is observed as cyan color in whole cell area (left). Upon illumination, PS-CFP2 in the CMA biosensor changes its color to green (middle). After the induction of CMA, the KFERQ-motif in the CMA biosensor is recognized by Hsc70, which can deliver it to LAMP2 at lysosomes. Thus CMA process can be visualized by green puncta (right).