Table 1.

Different fluorescent proteins and their physicochemical properties. Different properties of various fluorescent proteins (FPs) are summarized: maximal excitation and emission wavelengths, pKa, extinction coefficient (EC), quantum yield (QY), brightness (a relative brightness, % of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)), fluorescence fold change between pH 5.5 and 7.5.

Fluorescent Protein	λex	λem	pKa	EC	QY	Brightness	Fluorescence Fold Change (pH 5.5–7.5)	Reference
mTagBFP2	399	454	2.7	50,600	0.64	32.38	1	[32], This work
mTurquoise2	434	474	3.1	30,000	0.93	27.9	-	[12,24]
CFP	456	480	-	-	-	-	-	[24]
PS-CFP2(cyan)	400	468	-	43,000	0.2	8.6	-	[24]
pHRed	440	610	6.6	-	-	-	-	[33]
mKeima	440	620	6.5	14,400	0.24	3.46	-	[23,24]
EGFP	488	507	6	55,900	0.6	33.54	1	[24], This work
PS-CFP2(green)	490	511	-	47,000	0.23	10.81	-	[24]
mWasabi	493	509	6.5	70,000	0.8	56	-	[24,28]
SE-pHluorin	495	512	7.2	-	-	-	50	[16]
pHoran1	547	564	6.7	-	-	-	10	[16]
pHoran4	547	561	7.5	-	-	-	17	[16]
mOrange	548	562	6.5	71,000	0.69	48.99	5	[16,24]
mApple	548	592	6.5	75,000	0.49	36.75	4	[16,24]
pHTomato	550	580	7.8	-	-	-	-	[14]
tdTomato	554	581	4.7	138,000	0.69	95.22	-	[24]
mNectarine	558	578	6.9	58,000	0.45	30	6	[22,24]
DsRed	558	583	-	72,500	0.68	49.3	-	[24,25]
pHmScarlet	562	585	7.4	85,000	0.47	39.73	-	[26]
PAmCherry1	564	595	6.3	18,000	0.46	8.28	-	[24,31]
pHuji	566	598	7.7	31,000	0.22	6.82	22	[16,24]
mScarlet	569	594	5.3	100,000	0.7	70	1.3	[24], This work
mRFP1	584	607	4.5	50,000	0.25	12.5	-	[14,21]
mCherry	587	610	4.5	72,000	0.22	15.84	1	[25], This work
mKate2	588	633	5.4	62,500	0.4	25	1.3	[23], This work
mKate	588	635	6.2	45,000	0.33	14.85	-	[24,29]
HcRed	592	645	-	20,000	0.015	0.3	-	[24]

The colors represent the colors for particular wavelengths of light.