Table 4.
Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the abundance of Ae. aegypti per household in relation to socio-demographic and household risk factors using negative binomial generalized linear models. Data were collected from 128 households in northeastern Thailand during January–December 2019.
| Female Adults | Immatures | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n (%) | IRR (95% CI) | p-Value | IRR (95% CI) | p-Value |
| Sites types | |||||
| Urban | 64 (50) | 1.55 (1.21–1.98) | 0.000 | 1.47 (1.01–2.17) | 0.042 |
| Rural | 64 (50) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Education level | |||||
| <=Primary | 89 (69.5) | 1.39 (1.07–1.79) | 0.011 | 1.49 (1.02–2.18) | 0.032 |
| >Primary | 39 (30.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Socio-economic status | |||||
| Poor | 36 (28.1) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 0.693 | 2.15 (1.39–3.32) | 0.001 |
| Intermediate | 52 (40.6) | 1.03 (0.81–1.3) | 0.801 | 1.63 (1.1–2.43) | 0.015 |
| Wealthy | 40 (31.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Household crowding index (HCI) | |||||
| 3 (Crowded) | 31 (24.2) | 1.76 (1.27–2.43) | 0.001 | 0.75 (0.46–1.23) | 0.263 |
| 2 (Medium crowded) | 65 (50.8) | 1.58 (1.22–2.05) | 0.000 | 0.50 (0.34–0.74) | 0.001 |
| 1 (Not crowded) | 32 (25.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Premise condition index (PCI) | |||||
| 9–10 (High) | 41 (32.0) | 1.97 (1.49–2.61) | 0.000 | 1.54 (1–2.37) | 0.043 |
| 7–8 (Medium) | 46 (36.0) | 1.20 (0.91–1.59) | 0.179 | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | 0.730 |
| 5–6 (Low) | 41 (32.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| House density (houses per km2) |
|||||
| 100–200 | 8 (6.3) | 1.29 (0.83–1.99) | 0.246 | 0.67 (0.34–1.34) | 0.267 |
| 201–500 | 38 (29.7) | 1.37 (1.05–1.8) | 0.021 | 0.84 (0.55–1.29) | 0.433 |
| 501–1000 | 47 (36.7) | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) | 0.167 | 1.49 (1.02–2.18) | 0.038 |
| >1000 | 35 (27.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| House type | |||||
| Single house, one family, two floors |
64 (50) | 1.009 (0.82–1.22) | 0.931 | 1.27 (0.91–1.77) | 0.146 |
| Single house, one family, one floor |
64 (50) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Roof materials type | |||||
| Metal (e.g., corrugated iron) |
97 (75.8) | 1.14 (0.83–1.58) | 0.400 | 0.89 (0.54–1.46) | 0.659 |
| Wood | 17 (13.3) | 1.03 (0.65–1.61) | 0.889 | 0.57 (0.28–1.16) | 0.125 |
| Ceramic | 14 (10.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Wall type | |||||
| Wood | 12 (9.4) | 1.11 (0.79–1.57) | 0.530 | 1.68 (1.01–2.81) | 0.045 |
| Cement/bricks | 33 (25.8) | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) | 0.652 | 1.48 (1.05–2.09) | 0.022 |
| Plastered | 83 (64.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Location of bathroom/toilet | |||||
| Indoors | 91 (71.1) | 1.46 (1.14–1.89) | 0.003 | 1.01 (0.68–1.5) | 0.925 |
| Outdoors | 37 (28.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bathroom floor type | |||||
| Cement | 54 (42.2) | 1.15 (0.91–1.47) | 0.221 | 0.73 (0.5–1.07) | 0.109 |
| Tiles | 74 (57.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Eaves status | |||||
| Closed | 79 (61.7) | 1.14 (0.92–1.42) | 0.201 | 0.94 (0.67–1.3) | 0.715 |
| Opened | 49 (38.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Windows | |||||
| Unscreened | 107 (83.6) | 1.41 (1.04–1.92) | 0.025 | 1.65 (1.05–2.6) | 0.029 |
| Screened | 21 (16.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Number of wet container |
|||||
| >50 | 109 (85.2) | 1.33 (1.01–1.75) | 0.037 | 1.41 (0.92–2.16) | 0.112 |
| <50 | 19 (14.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Use any kind of larvae control | |||||
| No | 93 (72.7) | 0.93 (0.75–1.14) | 0.503 | 1.20 (0.84–1.7) | 0.300 |
| Yes | 35 (27.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Use any kind of adult control | |||||
| No | 72 (56.2) | 1.24 (1.01–1.55) | 0.045 | 1.13 (0.79–1.61) | 0.496 |
| Yes | 56 (43.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Self-reported dengue infections | |||||
| Yes | 12 (9.4) | 1.68 (1.22–2.32) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.46–1.35) | 0.398 |
| No | 116 (90.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Climate change knowledge | |||||
| Poor | 97 (75.8) | 0.87 (0.61–1.24) | 0.451 | 1.97 (1.19–3.25) | 0.008 |
| Good | 31 (24.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Climate change attitude | |||||
| Poor | 49 (38.3) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.801 | 0.71 (0.52–0.99) | 0.043 |
| Good | 79 (61.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Climate change practice | |||||
| Poor | 105 (82.0) | 1.52 (1.07–2.16) | 0.017 | 1.84 (1.13–2.99) | 0.014 |
| Good | 23 (18.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Dengue knowledge | |||||
| Poor | 73 (57.0) | 0.91 (0.7–1.17) | 0.491 | 1.18 (0.8–1.75) | 0.391 |
| Good | 55 (43.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Dengue attitude | |||||
| Poor | 40 (31.3) | 1.24 (1.01–1.53) | 0.035 | 0.75 (0.54–1.04) | 0.092 |
| Good | 88 (68.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Dengue practice | |||||
| Poor | 94 (73.4) | 1.43 (1.03–1.99) | 0.029 | 1.93 (1.17–3.18) | 0.009 |
| Good | 34 (26.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Model fit | |||||
| Omnibus test | 131.2 | 0.000 | 957.2 | 0.000 | |
| AIC | 719.2 | 935.3 | |||
| BIC | 810.5 | 1026.6 |
CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation; AIC: Akaike′s information criterion; BIC: Bayesian information criterion.