Table 2.

Antiplasmodial activity of selected African flora.

Family	Species	Part Used	Solvent	Assay Type	Tested Organisms	Country	Reference
Phyllanthaceae	Phyllanthus amarus	Whole plant	Aqueous and Ethanol	In vivo	Plasmodium yoelii	Nigeria	[99]
Asclepiadaceae	Periploca linearifolia	Stem bark	Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol	In vitro	D-6 Plasmodium falciparum	Kenya	[100]
Anacardiaceae	Haematostaphis barteri	Stem bark	Dichloromethane/methanol	In vivo	Plasmodium berghei	Ghana	[101]
Solanaceae	Withania frutescens	Leaves and roots	n-hexane	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum	Morocco	[102]
	Neobegua mahafaliensis	Leaves	Methanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum FcM29-Cameroon	Congo	[103]
Ebenaceae	Diospyros species	stem bark	Methanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Tanzania	[104]
Euphorbiaceae	Sebastiania chamaelea	Whole plant	Methanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum FcM29, FcB1, F32 and W2	Niger	[105]
Fabaceae	Baphia pubescens	Stem	Hydroethanolic	In vivo	Plasmodium berghei	Nigeria	[106]
Burseraceae	Commiphora africana	Stem	Dichloromethane and methanol in a 1:1 ratio (v/v)	In vitro and in vivo	Plasmodium falciparum (D6 and Dd2)	Tanzania	[107]
Zingiberaceae	Aframomum giganteum	Stem bark	Dichloromethane and methanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum (FCB and W2)	Gabon	[108]
Combretaceae	Terminalia avicennioides	leaves	CH2Cl2, MeOHandMeOH/H2O (1/1)	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum strain K1	Burkina Faso	[109]
Meliaceae	Melia azedarach	leaves	Cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and methanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and W2)	Senegal	[110]
Asteraceae	Bidens pilosa	leaves	Methanolic and Ethyl Acetate	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7 and PfINDO)	Cameroon	[111]
Labiatae	Ajuga remota	leaves	Hydroethanolic	In vivo	Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain)	Ethiopia	[112]
Euphorbiaceae	Alchornea laxiflora	leaves	Ethanol	In vivo	Plasmodium falciparum (Pf 3D7) and (Pf INDO)	Nigeria	[113]
Compositae	Vernonia adoensis	Leaves	Aqueous, methanol and chloroform	In vivo	Plasmodium berghei	Ethiopia	[114]
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum rotundifolium	Leaves	ethyl acetate	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum (NF54 and FCR3)	Uganda	[115]
Apocynaceae	Tabernaemontana elegans	Stem bark	Dichloromethane: 50% methanol (1:1)	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum (NF54)	South Africa	[96]
Zygophyllaceae	Balanites aegyptiaca	aerial	Methanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum	Togo	[116]
Caesalpiniaceae	Cassia occidentalis	Leaves	Ethanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum	Congo	[117]
Fabaceae	Pericopsis laxiflora	Bark	Ethanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum (NF54) and K1)	Côte d’Ivoire	[118]
Canellaceae	Warburgia salutaris	stem bark	Dichloromethane	In vitro and in vivo	NF54 Plasmodium falciparum	South Africa	[119]
Asterales	Oedera genistifolia	leaves	Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol	In vitro	Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D	South Africa	[120]