Table 4.
Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis of individual- and community-level factors among children aged from 12 to 23 months in EDHS 2016
| Individual and community characteristics | Null model | Model II AOR (95%CI) | Model III AOR (95% CI) | Model IV AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respondent age | ||||
| 15–24 years | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| 25–34 years | - | 0.98 (0.55, 1.74) | - | 0.95 (0.53, 1.70) |
| 35–49 years | - | 1.17 (0.54, 2.57) | - | 1.33 (0.59, 2.97) |
| Birth order | ||||
| First birth | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Second and third | - | 0.95 (0.50, 1.84 ) | - | 0.86 (0.45, 1.63) |
| Fourth and fifth | - | 1.19 (0.59, 2.42) | - | 1.05 (0.52, 2.11) |
| Six and above | - | 1.01 (0.41, 2.51) | - | 0.82 (0.33, 2.01) |
| Antenatal care utilization | ||||
| < 4 visit | - | 1.63 (1.02, 2.59 ) * | - | 1.26 (0.74, 2.14) |
| > 4 visit | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Women’s occupation | ||||
| No job | - | 1.21 (0.80, 1.81) | - | 1.23 (0.77, 1.97) |
| Has job | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Distance to the health facility | ||||
| Big problem | - | 1.23 (0.83, 1.84) | - | 0.86 (0.53, 1.40) |
| Not a big problem | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Partner /husband’s educational level | ||||
| No education | - | 0.52 (0.16, 1.64) | - | 0.48 (0.15, 1.50) |
| Primary | - | 0.50 (0.16, 1.50) | - | 0.44 (0.15, 1.32) |
| Secondary | - | 0.45 (0.14, 1.47) | - | 0.47 (0.14, 1.60) |
| Higher | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Do not know | - | 5.53 (0.74, 41.06) | - | 7.56 (0.10, 57.72) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | - | 2.38 (0.86, 6.58) | - | 1.79 (0.50, 6.37) |
| Poorer | - | 1.81 (0.75, 4.33) | - | 1.41 (0.45, 4.46) |
| Middle | - | 2.21 (0.93, 5.23 ) | - | 182 (0.61, 5.42) |
| Richer | - | 1.45 (0.63, 3.37) | - | 1.32 (0.46, 3.79) |
| Richest | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Women’s educational level | ||||
| No education | - | 4.16 (1.09, 15.89)* | - | 4.23 (1.17, 15.78)* |
| Primary | - | 2.94 (0.79, 10.87) | - | 3.06 (0.87, 10.73) |
| Secondary | - | 1.52 (0.40, 5.71) | - | 1.64 (0.45, 5.97) |
| Higher | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Media exposure | ||||
| Not exposed at all | - | 1.51 (0.49, 4.71) | - | 1.81 (0.54, 6.10) |
| Exposed to either radio/TV | - | 1.17 (0.39, 3.53) | - | 1.33 (0.40, 4.43) |
| Exposed to both radio and TV | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Muslim | - | 1.39 (0.72, 2.71) | - | 1.28 (0.65, 2.54) |
| Protestant | - | 0.82 (0.40, 1.60) | - | 0.86 (0.41, 1.81) |
| Other | - | 4.87 (1.18, 20.10) | - | 2.10 (0.25, 20.74) |
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Home | - | 1.60 (1.04, 2.46)* | - | 1.33 (0.82, 2.16) |
| Health facility | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Other | - | 0.39 (0.10, 1.48) | - | 0.35 (0.08, 1.52) |
| Region | ||||
| Tigray | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Afar | - | - | 8.39 (2.39, 29.81)** | 7.53(2.06, 27.45)** |
| Amhara | - | - | 2.38 (1.12, 5.03)* | 2.13(0.98, 4.63) |
| Oromiya | - | - | 3.07 (1.31, 7.12)* | 3.70 (1.52, 9.03)* |
| Somalia | - | - | 4.82 (1.59, 14.64)** | 4.39 (1.31, 14.69)* |
| Benishangul | - | - | 0.83 (0.34, 2.00) | 0.79(0.31, 1.99) |
| SNNPR | - | - | 3.10 (1.33, 7.24) ** | 3.44 (1.37, 8.67)* |
| Gambela | - | - | 3.31 (1.25, 8.74)* | 3.151 (1.11, 8.92)* |
| Harari | - | - | 2.94 (1.10, 7.93)* | 2.94 (1.02, 8.48)* |
| Addis Ababa | - | - | 0.87 (0.30, 2.53) | 1.44 (0.42, 4.91) |
| Dire Dawa | - | - | 0.8 (0.27, 2.43) | 1.08 (0.33, 3.56) |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | - | - | 1.15 (0.46, 2.86) | 0.75 (0.23, 2.41) |
| Urban | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Community media exposure | ||||
| Lower proportion of exposed | - | - | 1.20 (0.70, 2.05) | 0.96 (0.53, 1.75) |
| Higher proportion of exposed | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Community distance to health facility | ||||
| Lower proportion of big problem | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Higher proportion of big problem | - | - | 1.55 (0.96, 2.51) | 1.60 (0.92, 2.78) |
| Community poverty status | ||||
| Lower proportion of poverty | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Higher proportion of poverty | - | - | 1.32 (0.76, 2.28) | 1.29 (0.70, 2.38) |
| Community-women educational level | ||||
| Lower proportion of no education | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Higher proportion of no education | - | - | 1.22 (0.76, 1.96) | 1.05 (0.61, 1.81) |
| Community antenatal care (ANC) utilization | ||||
| Low proportion of ANC utilization | - | - | 1.37 (0.82, 2.29) | 1.16 (0.67, 2.02) |
| Higher proportion of ANC utilization | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Community unemployment rate | ||||
| Lower unemployment rate | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Higher unemployment rate | - | - | 0.79 (0.49, 1.26) | 0.69 (0.39, 1.21) |
Notes: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, 1 = Reference category