Table 1.

Patient characteristics, preoperative

Variable	Placebo (n = 13)	Levosimendan (n = 16)	Between group difference (LMM) p value
Sex, male (%)	12 (92)	10 (63)	0.906
Mean age (year)	65 (37–78)	70 (52–82)	0.253
Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	55 ± 10	55 ± 10	1.000
Hypertension (%)	13 (45)	12 (41)	0.107
Mean preoperative serum creatinine (µmol/L)	82 ± 15	84 ± 13	0.628
Betablockers	12	8	0.020
ACE-inhibitors	4	4	1.000
Calcium channel blockers	5	4	0.688
Statins	9	8	0.451
Loop diuretics	5	8	0.711
Diabetes mellitus	6	1	0.026
Insulin	2	0	0.192
Peroral antidiabetics	6	1	0.026
Patient characteristics at study start
Mean creatinine at time of inclusion (µmol/L)	127 ± 22	148 ± 29	0.030
Time from CPB to inclusion (hours)	24 ± 10	34 ± 14	0.108
Coronary artery bypass surgery (n)	3	2	0.632
Valve surgery (n)	3	5	0.697
Coronary artery bypass + valve (n)	2	0	0.192
Other (aortic dissection/double valve etc.) (n)	5	9	0.462
CPB time (min)	117 ± 35	125 ± 52	0.965
AKI grade 1 (n)	13	11
AKI grade 2 (n)	0	5	0.048

ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme. CPB: cardio pulmonary bypass. AKI: acute kidney injury, grading according to the KDIGO criteria, LMM: Linear mixed model